Transcript PowerPoint Slides

1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
Nevada’s Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
(http://agri.nv.gov/nwac/weedplan_p.htm)
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
Nevada’s Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
• Prepared by Nevada Weed Action Committee (NV Dept. Ag)
• Included local, state, and federal agencies/governments; NCE;
private sector
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
Nevada’s Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
• Nevada Weed Action Committee
• Uses USDA definition of noxious weeds: “species of plants that
cause disease or are injurious to crops, livestock or land, and thus
are detrimental to agriculture, commerce or public health”
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
Nevada’s Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
• Nevada Weed Action Committee
• Noxious weed definition
• Invasive weeds often share characteristics such as
Highly competitive
Cause environmental degradation
Exotic
Easily spread
Highly aggressive
Are difficult to control
Cause economic loss
Augment wildfires
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
Nevada’s Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
• Nevada Weed Action Committee
• Noxious weed definition
• Invasive weed characteristics
• “Species of concern”
o Species that have potential to cause greatest impact on
Nevada’s ecosystem and economic well being
o Not all are on noxious weed list
o Includes:
Red brome
Cheatgrass
Whitetops
Knapweeds
Yellow starthistle
Thistles
Rush skeletonweed
Medusahead
Saltcedar
Watermilfoil
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
The Nature Conservancy
(http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu/common.html)
Invasive species are:
• Spread from human settings into wild
• Once wild, continue to reproduce
• Displace native species; reduces biodiversity
• Usually non-native
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Nature Conservancy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
• Ecologists have used different words for invasive species
Alien
Exotic
Invasive
Non-indigenous
Imported
Weedy
Introduced
Non-native
Immigrant
Colonizer
Naturalized
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Nature Conservancy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
• Ecologists have used different words for invasive species
• Nomenclature based on 3 major colonization concepts
Dispersal:
Short
Long
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Nature Conservancy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
• Ecologists have used different words for invasive species
• Nomenclature based on 3 major colonization concepts
Dispersal:
Uniqueness:
Short
Common
Long
Novel
Common
Novel
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Nature Conservancy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
• Ecologists have used different words for invasive species
• Nomenclature based on 3 major colonization concepts
Dispersal:
Uniqueness:
Impact:
Short
Common
Long
Novel
Common
Novel
Small Great Small Great Small Great Small Great
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Nature Conservancy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
• Ecologists have used different words for invasive species
• Nomenclature based on 3 major colonization concepts
Dispersal:
Uniqueness:
Impact:
•
Short
Common
Long
Novel
Common
Novel
Small Great Small Great Small Great Small Great
8 ways to be a colonizer
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Nature Conservancy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
• Ecologists have used different words for invasive species
• Nomenclature based on 3 major colonization concepts
Dispersal:
Uniqueness:
Impact:
•
Short
Common
Long
Novel
Common
Novel
Small Great Small Great Small Great Small Great
SC
SC
SC
SC
8 ways to be a colonizer
SC = successional colonizers
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Nature Conservancy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
• Ecologists have used different words for invasive species
• Nomenclature based on 3 major colonization concepts
Dispersal:
Uniqueness:
Impact:
•
Short
Common
Long
Novel
Common
Novel
Small Great Small Great Small Great Small Great
SC
SC NNC
SC
SC NNC
8 ways to be a colonizer
SC = successional colonizers
NNC = novel, noninvasive colonizers
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Nature Conservancy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
• Ecologists have used different words for invasive species
• Nomenclature based on 3 major colonization concepts
Dispersal:
Uniqueness:
Impact:
•
Short
Common
Long
Novel
Common
Novel
Small Great Small Great Small Great Small Great
SC
SC NNC NIC SC
SC NNC NIC
8 ways to be a colonizer
SC = successional colonizers
NNC = novel, noninvasive colonizers
NIC = novel, invasive colonizers
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Nature Conservancy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
• Ecologists have used different words for invasive species
• Nomenclature based on 3 major colonization concepts
Dispersal:
Uniqueness:
Impact:
•
Short
Common
Long
Novel
Common
Novel
Small Great Small Great Small Great Small Great
SC
SC NNC NIC SC
SC NNC NIC
8 ways to be a colonizer, but only 2 ways to be an invader
SC = successional colonizers
NNC = novel, noninvasive colonizers
NIC = novel, invasive colonizers
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
Richardson et al. (2000)
• Processes and barriers
Nature Conservancy
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
Nature Conservancy
Richardson et al. (2000)
Process
Introduction
Introduced
area
Home range
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
Nature Conservancy
Richardson et al. (2000)
Process
Barrier
Introduction
Geographic
Geographic
Home range
Introduced
area
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
Nature Conservancy
Richardson et al. (2000)
Process
Barrier
Introduction
Geographic
Geographic
Home range
If successful
Alien
Introduced
area
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
Nature Conservancy
Richardson et al. (2000)
Process
Barrier
Introduction
Geographic
Naturalization
Environmental
Geographic
Home range
Introduced
Environment area
If successful
Alien
Casual
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
Richardson et al. (2000)
Process
Barrier
Introduction
Geographic
Naturalization
Environmental
Reproductive
Geographic
Home range
Nature Conservancy
If successful
Alien
Casual
Naturalized
Introduced
Environment area Reproduce
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
Nature Conservancy
Richardson et al. (2000)
Process
Barrier
Introduction
Geographic
Naturalization
Environmental
Reproductive
Invasion
Dispersal
Geographic
Home range
If successful
Alien
Casual
Naturalized
Invasive
Introduced
Environment area Reproduce
Disperse
Disturbed
area
Natural
area
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
Nature Conservancy
Richardson et al. (2000)
• Processes and barriers
• Definitions
Alien plants = plant taxa in a given area whose presence is due to
intentional or accidental introduction as a result of human activity
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
Nature Conservancy
Richardson et al. (2000)
• Processes and barriers
• Definitions
Alien plants = plant taxa in a given area whose presence is due to
intentional or accidental introduction as a result of human activity
How determine?
• Disjunct geographic range (Richardson et al.)
o typically >100 km or past a known geographic barrier
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
Nature Conservancy
Richardson et al. (2000)
• Processes and barriers
• Definitions
Alien plants = plant taxa in a given area whose presence is due to
intentional or accidental introduction as a result of human activity
How determine?
• Disjunct geographic range (Richardson et al.)
• 9 types of evidence (Schwartz in Luken & Thieret 1997)
Fossil evidence
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
Nature Conservancy
Richardson et al. (2000)
• Processes and barriers
• Definitions
Alien plants = plant taxa in a given area whose presence is due to
intentional or accidental introduction as a result of human activity
How determine?
• Disjunct geographic range (Richardson et al.)
• 9 types of evidence (Schwartz in Luken & Thieret 1997)
Fossil evidence
Historical evidence
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
Nature Conservancy
Richardson et al. (2000)
• Processes and barriers
• Definitions
Alien plants = plant taxa in a given area whose presence is due to
intentional or accidental introduction as a result of human activity
How determine?
• Disjunct geographic range (Richardson et al.)
• 9 types of evidence (Schwartz in Luken & Thieret 1997)
Fossil evidence
Historical evidence
Habitat
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
Nature Conservancy
Richardson et al. (2000)
• Processes and barriers
• Definitions
Alien plants = plant taxa in a given area whose presence is due to
intentional or accidental introduction as a result of human activity
How determine?
• Disjunct geographic range (Richardson et al.)
• 9 types of evidence (Schwartz in Luken & Thieret 1997)
Fossil evidence
Historical evidence
Habitat
Geographic distribution
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
Nature Conservancy
Richardson et al. (2000)
• Processes and barriers
• Definitions
Alien plants = plant taxa in a given area whose presence is due to
intentional or accidental introduction as a result of human activity
How determine?
• Disjunct geographic range (Richardson et al.)
• 9 types of evidence (Schwartz in Luken & Thieret 1997)
Fossil evidence
Historical evidence
Habitat
Geographic distribution
Frequency of naturalization
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
Nature Conservancy
Richardson et al. (2000)
• Processes and barriers
• Definitions
Alien plants = plant taxa in a given area whose presence is due to
intentional or accidental introduction as a result of human activity
How determine?
• Disjunct geographic range (Richardson et al.)
• 9 types of evidence (Schwartz in Luken & Thieret 1997)
Fossil evidence
Genetic diversity
Historical evidence
Habitat
Geographic distribution
Frequency of naturalization
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
Nature Conservancy
Richardson et al. (2000)
• Processes and barriers
• Definitions
Alien plants = plant taxa in a given area whose presence is due to
intentional or accidental introduction as a result of human activity
How determine?
• Disjunct geographic range (Richardson et al.)
• 9 types of evidence (Schwartz in Luken & Thieret 1997)
Fossil evidence
Genetic diversity
Historical evidence
Reproductive pattern
Habitat
Geographic distribution
Frequency of naturalization
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
Nature Conservancy
Richardson et al. (2000)
• Processes and barriers
• Definitions
Alien plants = plant taxa in a given area whose presence is due to
intentional or accidental introduction as a result of human activity
How determine?
• Disjunct geographic range (Richardson et al.)
• 9 types of evidence (Schwartz in Luken & Thieret 1997)
Fossil evidence
Genetic diversity
Historical evidence
Reproductive pattern
Habitat
Possible means of introduction
Geographic distribution
Frequency of naturalization
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
Nature Conservancy
Richardson et al. (2000)
• Processes and barriers
• Definitions
Alien plants = plant taxa in a given area whose presence is due to
intentional or accidental introduction as a result of human activity
How determine?
• Disjunct geographic range (Richardson et al.)
• 9 types of evidence (Schwartz in Luken & Thieret 1997)
Fossil evidence
Genetic diversity
Historical evidence
Reproductive pattern
Habitat
Possible means of introduction
Geographic distribution
Oligophagous insects
Frequency of naturalization
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
Nature Conservancy
Richardson et al. (2000)
• Processes and barriers
• Definitions
Alien plants
Casual alien plants = alien plants that flourish (and even occasionally
reproduce), but do not form self-replacing populations. Continued
presence depends on re-introductions.
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
Nature Conservancy
Richardson et al. (2000)
• Processes and barriers
• Definitions
Alien plants
Casual alien plants
Naturalized plants = alien plants that reproduce consistently and
sustain populations over many life cycles without direct intervention
by humans
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
Nature Conservancy
Richardson et al. (2000)
• Processes and barriers
• Definitions
Alien plants
Casual alien plants
Naturalized plants
Invasive plants = naturalized plants that produce reproductive
offspring (often in large numbers) at considerable distance from
parent plants
>100m & <50 years for seed dispersing species
>6 m & >3 years for vegetatively reproducing species
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
Richardson et al. (2000)
• Processes and barriers
• Definitions
Alien plants
Casual alien plants
Naturalized plants
Invasive plants
Nature Conservancy
Increasing level of
reproductive success
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
Richardson et al. (2000)
• Processes and barriers
• Definitions
Alien plants
Casual alien plants
Naturalized plants
Invasive plants
Nature Conservancy
Increasing level of
reproductive success
Weeds = plants that grow in sites where they are not wanted; usually
have economic or environmental effects
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
NV Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy
Davis & Thompson (2000)
Richardson et al. (2000)
• Processes and barriers
• Definitions
Alien plants
Casual alien plants
Naturalized plants
Invasive plants
Nature Conservancy
Increasing level of
reproductive success
Weeds
Transformers = subset of invasive plants that change ecosystems
1) Invasive plants – What are they?
a) State and Federal laws and regulations
Important from legal perspective
b) Ecological definitions and characterizations
Important for understanding the ecological processes and
consequently, how to prevent and control invasions