Transcript Policies for developing film industry clusters in the pre-cluster stage in Baltic States.

Policies for Developing Film Industry
Clusters in the “pre-cluster” stage in
Baltic states
The Creative Industries and Creative Communities
Conference
11 November 2009, Staffordshire University
Prof. Dr. Tatjana Volkova
Kaspars Steinbergs
Department of Management,
PhD student,
BA School of Business and
Ventspils University College
Finance (Riga, Latvia)
(Ventspils, Latvia)
[email protected]
[email protected]
Some facts...

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Queen's favorite “The Adventures of
Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson” with
Vasily Livanov was shot partially in Old
Riga (221B Baker Street etc.)
Riga Motion Pictures Studio has the most
larger sound stage (by area) in the Baltics
and Scandinavia
For the Oscar nominee "Belleville RendezVous" worked also animators from "Rija
Films" - one of the most successful
animation studio in the Baltics.
AGENDA
1. CLUSTER THEORY
2. RESEARCH
3. CONCLUSIONS and FUTHER
RESEARCH AGENDA
What is cluster?!
• M. Porter: A geographically proximate
group of interconnected companies and
associated institutions in a particular field,
linked by commonalities and
complementarities
• Cluster development is a typical example
of "bottom-up" approach with the
important role of "top-down" governmental
policy
• Both "bottom-up" and "top-down" activities
should be appropriate in each stage of the
cluster life cycle
Cluster life cycle
Pre-Cluster (no cluster): Characterized by slow to negative growth
and an employment concentration that is not significantly different to
the national employment level in that industry.
Situation in creative industries
Estonia
Value added Cultural & cultural tourism
to national
employment (% of total
GDP - 2003
employment) - 2004
2,4 %
3,6 %
Latvia
1,8 %
3,2 %
Lithuania
1,7 %
2,3 %
UK
3,0 %
3,8 %
Source: KEA: The Economy of Culture in Europe, 2006
Situation in film industry
Years
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
UK
Total turnover
mil. ₤
Number of employees
2003
650
14.4
2007
1050
2002
430
2005
546
↑ 27.0 %
13.7
↑ 114 %
----
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2002
68,900
2006
65,400
↑ 61.5 %
39.6
↑ 175 %
6.4
2,100
↓5%
3,800
↑ 81 %
Sources:
1) Institute of Economic Research: Survey and Mapping of the Creative Industries in Estonia,
2009
2) BICEPS: Radošās industrijas Latvijā, 2007
3) DCMS: Creative Industries Economic Estimates Statistical Bulletin, 2009
Research question and methods
Are both "bottom-up" and "top-down"
activities in the right place at the right time
to develop the film industry cluster in the
Baltics?
• Survey and interviews with the film industry
entrepreneurs, policy planners, NGO's
leaders, personnel of educational
institutions and experts in Latvia
• Analysis of planning documents in all Baltic
states
Is there any cooperation?
close
Cooperation
between
industry
companies
good
poor
no cooperation
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%100%
close
Cooperation
between
companies
and state/
municipal
institutions
good
poor
no cooperation
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
close
close
good
Cooperation
between
companies
and NGO's
poor
no cooperation
0%
20% 40% 60% 80%
close
good
poor
no cooperation
Cooperation
between
companies
and educational institutions
no cooperation
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
no cooperation
close
good
poor
no cooperation
Cooperation
between
companies
and suppliers
of equipment
etc.
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
close
poor
poor
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%100%
good
Cooperation
between
companies
and financial
institutions
good
close
Cooperation
between
companies
and local cinemas
good
poor
no cooperation
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Cooperation
between
companies
and television
stations
Cooperation in the Baltic region
close
close
good
Cooperation
with Estonia
poor
no cooperation
good
Cooperation
with Lithuania
poor
no cooperation
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
0%
20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
close
close
good
good
Cooperation
with Belarus
poor
Cooperation
with Russia
poor
no cooperation
no cooperation
0%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
close
good
Cooperation
with Scandinavia
poor
no cooperation
0%
20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Who should carry out the
cluster initiative?
• trade associations, unions etc:
- 50 % of answers
• industry enterprises:
- 50 % of answers
• governmental institution:
- 0%
• educational institution:
- 0%
Most important factor for the
development of the cluster
• initiative of the industry's enterprises:
– 50 % of answers
• training of the industry's people:
– 25% of answers
• governmental cluster development
program:
– 12 % of answers
• other answers
Planed development of creative
industries
In Estonia:
• Employment in the creative industries
sector (share of total employment):
– 3% (2003) ↑ 4,2 % (2015)
• Number of projects financed promoting
creative industries:
– 0 (2006) ↑ 10 (2015)
• Development of digital post-production
cluster and music industry cluster
• Development of educational programmes
Planed development of creative
industries
In Latvia:
• Governmental support of two creative
industries sectors: design and audiovisual
media
• Development of creative industries
incubator in Riga
• Development of educational programmes
Planed development of creative
industries
In Lithuania:
• Development of creative industries
incubator in Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipėda and
Šiauliai
• Development of educational programmes
Conclusions
• Growth of turnover and employment level
are bad indicators on a cluster
development in a countries with the rapid
economical growth
• Most important factor is a cooperation
inside and outside the industry
• Governmental activities on the
development of a film industry cluster are
step before the industry initiatives
Continuing research agenda
• Survey and interview in all Baltic states
and nearest region (Scandinavia, Nordwest Russia)
• Both “top down” and “bottom up” policies
proposals preparation for the film industry
cluster initiative
References
• Porter, M.E., (2008) Clusters, Innovation,
and Competitiveness: New Findings and
Implications for Policy. Presented at
European Presidency Conference on
Innovation and Clusters
• 16-97 Economic Alliance (2007) Industry
Cluster Identification & Prioritization
Project. Industry Cluster Report’s
Executive Summary
Useful websites
• Creative industries in Latvia:
http://www.km.gov.lv/en/cross_sector/creative.
html
• Creative industries in Estonia:
http://www.eas.ee/index.php/for-theentrepreneur/development-of-thecompany/development-of-creative-industry
• My blog: www.creativekaspars.blogspot.com
Thank you for your attention !
[email protected]
[email protected]