Transcript HawaiiOAweekslides19October2012.ppt

Open Access: An evolving alternative
or a maturing threat?
University of Hawaii - Manoa
October 22, 2012
lorraine j haricombe
Outline
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Brief history
Definition: Open Access?
Progress report of evolving initiatives
Actions at the national level
Actions at the global level
Measures of impact
Milestones
A maturing threat?
Barriers to OA
Possible scenarios
Agents of Change
How can librarians advance OA?
Brief History
• Purpose of scientific journal in 1665
– Share work quickly and widely
– Establish priority for researchers in the field
– Generate visibility for their work
• Provides intrinsic reward
• Intellectual commodity
Scientific publishing fast forward ….
• Scientific publishing as commercial
commodity
• Serials crisis
– Increased costs
– Profit seeking publishers
The Internet: A game changer
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Arxiv
PubMed Central
SPARC
NIH
PLOS
BMC
Advancing Open Access:
Three Bs
• Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002)
• Berlin Declaration on open Access (2003)
• Bethesda Statement (2003)
Budapest Open Access Initiative
• 10 years old
• Articulates two ways to accomplish Open
access:
– New generation of OA journals (gold)
– Self-archiving (green)
Open Access: What is it?
Essentials of the three initiatives include:
• Immediate and free availability of scholarship on the public Internet
• Dissemination of knowledge for the public good
• No barriers to access
OA Policies and Progress in Higher
Education
Early adopters in North America:
2008-2009: Harvard, MIT, Stanford
2009 and 2010: University of Kansas, first public institution
For a more comprehensive view of global institutions with Open Access
Repositories Mandatory Archiving Policies see ROARMAP at
http://roarmap.eprints.org/
ROARMAP
Organizing….
• 2011: COAPI (Coalition of Open Access Policy Institutions)
• Initiated on July 19, 2011 with 22 institutions in north America
• Currently 46 participants
• Goal:
• Share best practices; implementation strategies
• Advocacy role at the national level
• COAPI Activities 2011-2012:
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1st meeting at Berlin 9 (November 2011)
Responded to OSTP’ s request for information (December 2011)
Developed COAPI-listserve
2nd meeting at SPARC’s OA Conference in Kansas City (March 2012)
OA at the national level
• NIH OA policy
2008
• FRPAA introduced
2009
• BERLIN 9 Conference
2011
• RWA withdrawn
2011
• OSTP’s RFI
2012
• FRPAA reintroduced
2012
• Petition for FRPAA
2012
25,000 signatures to help drive home the importance of this issue at a
critical time. Reached 25K signatures in less than two weeks.
Revolutionizing Open Access
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Wellcome Trust; Howard Hughes, Max Planck M: April 2012.
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Finch Report: June 2012
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Research Councils in UK (RCUK) July 2012 ( 1 April 2013)
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World Bank: July 2012.
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SCOAP3- OA Initiative: October 2012.
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Global Research Council (GRC); 2012
Publishing
• Subscription-based journals
• Open access journals. See:
http://www.doaj.org/doaj?func=byCountry
&uiLanguage=en
Growth of Open Access Journals
• Sherpa/Romeo
– Of the 1165 publishers in the Romeo/Sherpa database 67% allow
some form of self-archiving
Images retrieved from: http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/statistics.php?la=en&fIDnum=|&mode=simple
Growth of OA Repositories
Image retrieved from: http://poeticeconomics.blogspot.ca/2012/10/thank-you-open-access-movement.html
OA Author Funds
• Pure OA
• Hybrid OA
• Compact for Open Access Equity (COPE)
OA Scholarly Publishers
• OASPA launched in 2008
• Include AIP; American Phys, Society;
BMC; Hindawi; PLOS; SAGE.
• Wiley Open Access launched an OA
journal program in 2011
Impact of Open Access
• Alma Swan report (2010)
http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/268516/2/Citation_advantage_paper.pd
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– 27 found a positive open access citation advantage
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4 found no open access citation advantage (citation
disadvantage)
Significant Milestones
• More OA policies in HE
• Major journals implement a variety of OA
features (OASPA)
• Major orgs endorse OA
• APCs implemented at many institutions
Milestones…
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APCs implemented at many institutions
FRPAA reintroduced
25K signatures to support FRPAA
OA articles have citation advantage
Awareness among faculty/researchers
A maturing threat?
• Not so fast >>>>
• STEM profit margins remain high
Typical profit margins
• For 2010-2011
– Elsevier:
– Springer:
– John Wiley:
– Informa:
36.0%
33.9%
42.0%
32.4%
http://svpow.com/2012/01/13/the-obsceneprofits-of-commercial-scholarly-publishers/
Possible scenarios
• Publishers will
– resist forces of OA
– continue to experiment with OA models
(gold/green road initiatives)
• OA advocates will persist in their work
• Mixed models of publishing will co-exist
simultaneously for a while
Change: the only constant
Some change is inevitable, lots of work
How?
FRPAA
Business models
OA challenges persist
• OA repositories grow, deposits are slow
• APCs may cause affordability problems
• Faculty do not like fees for OA publishing
• More outreach/education required
Agents of change
• Gladwell: Tipping point
• Minor changes carefully conceived and
adeptly enacted, can produce major
consequences for individuals,
organizations and communities.
The law of the few
• Pareto’s principle (80/20)
– Connectors: Bring people together
– Mavens: Info specialists. People who know
– Salesmen: persuaders/charismatic w
powerful negotiation skills
How can we advance OA?
• Librarians are uniquely positioned to
advance the success of any possible
solution
• OA publishing needs skilled and
responsible management
• Be the connectors, mavens and the
salespeople to support the ultimate goal of
OA
THANK YOU!
QUESTIONS?