Transcript Chapter 15 - Sustainability and Legacy

Chapter 15
Sustainability
and Legacy
Chapter Objectives
1. Demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the
immediate and long-term impacts, or legacies, of
events
2. Account for and give consideration to the numerous
and integrative infrastructures and developments that
can accompany the hosting of medium- and smallscale events
3. Capitalize on the economic, social, emotional,
promotional, and capital benefits to be derived from
the proper management of medium- and small-scale
events
What are Legacies?
• “The material and non-material effects produced
directly or indirectly by the sport event, whether
planned or not, that durably transform the host region
in an objectively and subjectively, positive or
negative way” (Chappelet & Junod, 2006, p. 84)
– The “things” left behind upon the completion of
an event
Growth in Sport Tourism
• Sporting events, such as the Daytona 500, National
Championships, the World Cup, and the Olympic
Games have themselves become vacation
destinations.
• Sport event tourism has played a primary and central
role for host destinations.
Sport Event Sizes
• Mega-sporting events garner the most attention and
media exposure on a global scene
– May not be as successful in generating positive
legacies as once believed
– “White elephants”
• Medium to small events
– Local to regional events with little media
attention
– Becoming more popular to host because of their
positives impacts and potential sustainability
– Engender both positive social and economic
impacts
Importance of Legacy
• Interests have turned to the impacts of hosting a sport
event on the local community
• Large investments made towards hosting an event
have become an important component of community
resources and infrastructure development
• Helping communities and event hosts to better plan
sporting events and sport tourism destinations
Positive Outcomes
• Prevent the host community from criticizing the
organizers of the event for any potential shortcomings
• Substantiate the use of public resources for the
potential sport-event related infrastructure(s)
• Stimulates interest for the community and/or
surrounding communities to host future events,
helping to ensure the continuity of the event
Five Dimensions of Legacy
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Degree of planned/unplanned structure
Degree of positive/negative structure
Degree of tangible/intangible structure
Duration and time of a changed structure
Space affected by changed structure
Components of Legacy Impacts
• Tangible legacies
– Observable, easily identified, include programs
and initiatives, are measured by infrastructure
– Consist of technological, environmental, and
networking improvements
• Intangible legacies
– Transfer of knowledge, governmental reform, and
emotional capital for residents, participants, and
spectators
Legacy Event Structures
• Six event outcomes
– Infrastructure
– Know how
– Networks
– Culture
– Emotions
– Image
• Six categories
– Sport
– Economics
– Infrastructure
– Information and
education
– Public life, politics,
and culture
– Symbols, memory,
and history
Hard and Soft Legacies
Hard Legacies
Soft Legacies
• Primary structure
• Knowledge
– Example: Sport
– Example:
infrastructure, training
Organizational,
sites
security, technological
• Secondary structure
• Networks
– Example: Villages for
– Example: Political,
athletes, technical
sport federations,
officials, and media
security
• Tertiary structures
• Cultural goods
– Example: Security,
– Example: Cultural
power plants, cultural
identity, cultural ideas,
attractions,
and common memory
telecommunication
networks
Measuring Legacies
• Benchmark/top-down approach
– Three scenarios under which legacies can be
produced:
• The same city hosts the same sport event over
time
• The same city hosts different sport events over
time
• Same sport event being hosted by different
cities over time
•
Top-down approach
– Aims to isolate event-related impacts from
general municipal developments
– Compare the economic indicators of the event
with the same indicators of the host city if the
event had not taken place
Measuring Legacies (cont.)
• Control-case approach
– Comparisons made between the infrastructure
developments a community would incur as a result
of hosting an event to the potentially alternative
infrastructure development if it did not
• Bottom-up approach
– Measuring all relevant changes to infrastructures
and the host city are considered as well as potential
long-term development for the city
– Reduces the limitations from the other
approaches