Transcript Ch 17 Fall 2011.ppt

DYNAMIC
PHYSICAL
EDUCATION
FOR ELEMENTARY
SCHOOL CHILDREN
Chapter 17
Manipulative Skills
R O B E R T
SIXTEENTH
P A N G R A Z I
EDITION
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Mary J. Sariscsany, California State University Northridge
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Manipulative Skills
 Use of implement with hands, feet or other body
parts
 Develop hand-eye, foot-eye coordination, and
dexterity
 Develop manipulative skills in different settings
 Examples: Balloons, hoops, wands, beanbags, balls
of various types, tug-of-war ropes, Lummi sticks,
Frisbees, and scoops
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Manipulative Skills
 Basic to a number of specialized sports skills
 Catching
 Throwing
 Striking
 Kicking
 Complex motor patterns
 Should be practiced at normal speed
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Manipulative Skills—Throwing
Stage One
 Ages 2 to 3
 Arm movement only from rear to front of body
 Feet remain stationary at shoulder width apart
 Little or no trunk rotation
 Flex hips, move shoulder forward and extend at
elbow
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Manipulative Skills—Throwing
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Manipulative Skills—Throwing
Stage Two
 Ages 3 to 5
 Some rotary motion in attempt to increase force
 Lateral fling of arm with rotation in trunk
 Imitation of discuss throw instead of baseball
throw
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Manipulative Skills—Throwing
 Throwing form, stage two
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Manipulative Skills—Throwing
Stage Three
 Ages 5 to 6
 Body still facing target, feet parallel, body erect
 Lateral foot step
 Rotation and shifting of body with step
 Many do not progress beyond this stage
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Manipulative Skills—Throwing
Stage Four
 Mature form of throwing
 Contralateral step (opposition)
 Develops maximum body torque
 Target addressed with non-throwing side
 Step, turn, throw
 Lead with elbow, forearm, extension, snap wrist
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Manipulative Skills—Throwing
 Throwing pattern, stage four
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Manipulative Skills—Throwing
Stress Points
 Stand with non-throwing side of body toward
target
 Step toward target with contralateral foot
 Rotate hips as the throwing arm moves forward
 Bend and lead with elbow
 Weight shift from rear to front foot
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Manipulative Skills—Catching
Stage One
 Both arms in front, elbows extended, palms up
 Elbows bent at contact to bring ball into body
 Trapping motion
 Head is turned away and eyes are closed
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Manipulative Skills—Catching
 Catching form, stage one
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Manipulative Skills—Catching
Stage Two
 Arms in front, elbows extended, palms up
 Elbows bent at contact to bring ball into body
 Trapping motion
 Head is turned away and eyes are closed
 Anticipatory movement is made toward the ball
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Manipulative Skills—Catching
Stage Three
 Preparation
 Lifting arms and bending slightly
 Chest is used as a backstop for the ball
 Contact is made with the hands first
 Object is guided to the chest
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Manipulative Skills—Catching
 Catching form, stage three
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Manipulative Skills—Catching
Stage Four
 Final stage
 Age 9 years
 Catching with the hands
 Giving with the arms (absorbing force)
 Legs bend and feet move with anticipation of the
catch
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Manipulative Skills—Catching
Stress Points
 Maintain visual contact with projectile
 Reach for projectile
 Place feet in stride rather than straddle position
 Body in line with object, rather than to side
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Manipulative Skills—Kicking
Stage One
 Stationary body
 Kicking foot flexed in preparation for kick
 Kicking motion carried out w/single straight leg
and little knee bend
 Little arm and trunk movement
 Complete focus on ball
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Manipulative Skills—Kicking
Stage Two
 Kicking foot lifted backwards, flexed at knee
 Opposition of limbs
 When kicking leg moves forward, opposite arm
moves forward
 More follow through of the leg
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Manipulative Skills—Kicking
Stage Three
 Movement toward object is included
 Increase in distance leg is moved
 Movement of upper body to counterbalance leg
movement
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Manipulative Skills—Kicking
Stage Four
 Preparatory extension of hip to increase ROM
 Run to ball and small leap to get kicking leg into
position
 As kick is carried forward, trunk leans backward
 Small step forward on support foot to regain
balance
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Manipulative Skills—Kicking
 Kicking a soccer ball, stage four
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Manipulative Skills—Kicking
Stress Points
 Move leg backward in preparation for kick
 Arms should move in opposition to legs
 Step forward with non-kicking leg
 Stand slightly to side of ball
 Eyes kept on ball for duration of kick
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Manipulative Skills—Striking
Stage One
 Feet stationary, trunk faces object to be struck
 Elbows fully flexed, force generated by extending
flexed joints
 Little body force generated, no trunk rotation
 Force comes from arms and wrists
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Manipulative Skills—Striking
Stage Two
 Upper body begins to generate force
 Trunk turned to side in anticipation of the ball
 Weight shifts from rear to front foot
 Trunk and hips rotate into ball
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Manipulative Skills—Striking
Stage Three
 Standing sideways to path of oncoming object
 Arms extend in a long and horizontal arc
 Swing through full range of motion
 Sequential transfer of weight from rear to front
plane of body
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Manipulative Skills—Striking
Stress Points
 Track ball as soon as possible until hit
 Grip the bat with the hands together
 Keep elbows away from body
 Swing bat in a horizontal plane
(do not chop with bat)
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Manipulative Skill Activities
 Manipulative skills are basic to many games
 Instructional activities progress from easiest to
most difficult
 Skills can be reinforced and enhanced through
games that students create
 Creative games can be designed for
individuals, partners or small groups
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Manipulative Skills
Activities with balloons and beach balls
 Emphasize hand-eye coordination
 Success for less skilled learners
 Balloons and beach balls are slower and
predictable
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Manipulative Skills
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Manipulative Skills
Activities with balloons and beach balls
(continued)
 Instructional cues
 Catch and control with fingertips
 Keep your eyes on the object
 Move body into the path of the object
 Reach, catch, and move the object to the body
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Manipulative Skills
Activities with beanbags
 All parts of the body can be used
 Beanbags lead to catching with the hands
 With older youngsters in challenging activities
 Instructional cues
 Stress soft receipt of beanbag by giving with hands,
arms, and legs
 Keep eyes on the beanbag when catching
 Toss slightly above eye level
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Manipulative Skills
 Split-vision drill for beanbags
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Manipulative Skills
Activities with balls
 Handling balls without other equipment
 Hand-eye skills
 Throwing, catching, bouncing, and dribbling
 Foot-eye skills
 Kicking, trapping, and dribbling
 Instructional cues
 Keep your eyes on the ball
 Catch and dribble ball with pads of the fingers
 Use opposition and weight transfer
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Manipulative Skills
Juggling
 Novel task that is exciting
 Challenging and demands practice
 Begin with scarves and move to balls
 Children move at own pace with ample practice
 Examples
 Cascading
 Reverse cascading
 Column
 Showering
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Manipulative Skills
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Manipulative Skills
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Manipulative Skills
Activities with scoops and balls
 Scoops can be purchased or made
 Excellent for practicing catching and tossing skills
 Examples
 Individual activities
 Partner activities
 Games and relays
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Manipulative Skills
Bowling activities
 Younger children practice informal rolling
 Begin with two-handed rolling, progress to onehand
 Activities
 Begin with two hand roll between legs
 Roll ball first with right, then with left
 Practice putting different spins on ball
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Manipulative Skills
Activities with wands
 Can be bought or made
 Rubber crutch tips may decrease noise
 One meter (length) wands are recommended
 Instructional procedures
 Limit noise
 Girls may perform better because of flexibility
 Make sure students have self-space
 Wands are not used as fencing foils
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Manipulative Skills
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Manipulative Skills
Activities with hoops
 Standard hoop is 42 inches in diameter
 Smaller hoops are desirable for Developmental
Level I
 Instructional procedures
 Have students lay hoops down during instruction
 Allow free exploration
 Provide self-space
 Hoops can serve as a “home” for activity
 Hoops are good targets
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Manipulative Skills
Activities with jump ropes
 Excellent form of conditioning all parts of the
body
 Increased popularity (Jump Rope for Heart)
 Jump rope possibilities
 Rope forming a straight line
 Rope forming a circle
 Rope forming various figures
 Partner activity
 Group activity
 Long-rope jumping
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Manipulative Skills
 Suggested rope forms
 Egg beater
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Manipulative Skills
 Correct jump rope
length
 Collecting the ropes
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Manipulative Skills
Footbag activities
 Leather stitched bags two inches in diameter
 Object is to keep bag in the air
 Types of kicks
 Inside
 Outside
 Back kick
 Types of play
 Individual
 Partner
 Group
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Manipulative Skills
Rhythmic gymnastics
 Became popular in the 1970s
 Many movement qualities:
 Balance, poise, grace, flow
 Types of equipment used: balls, jump ropes,
hoops, ribbons, and clubs
 Work with music
 Excellent unit for developing group routines
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Manipulative Skills
 Floor pattern for
routing using balls
 Rhythmic gymnastic
movements using
hoops
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