Transcript Energy
Energy
THE ABILITY TO DO WORK
Cells use energy for:
Movement
Muscles, flagella wiggling
Making and breaking chemical bonds.
Joining A.A. into protein.
Pumping things into and out of cells
Pumping ions out of cells
Pumping wastes out of blood in kidney.
Energy is measured in calories
1 calorie is the energy needed to raise 1 gram of water
1 degree Celsius.
1 ml of water weighs 1 gram.
So 40ml water weighs ?
Calculating energy into calories.
Multiply the amount of water [in grams] heated
Times the increase in temperature in C.
Practice:
50 ml water changes from 22C up to 30C
How many calories was absorbed by the water?
More calculations
Init T
Final T
ml
13
48
15
2
23
40
17
38
22
Change
Calories
Burning releases the energy stored in wood
How would you release the energy stored in
food?
Measuring the energy in food
We will burn food and heat up water.
We will calculate the amount of energy given off by
the food we burn. [calories]
We will mathematically adjust the amount of energy
so that it represents 1g of food. [calories/g]
This is done so different types of food or different
amounts of food can be compared.
Calorimeter measured the energy.
Comparing the energy in 2 foods
To get the data adjusted so it represents the same
amount of food we do a simple calculation.
Divide the calories released by the weight of food
burned up.
By dividing calories by the weight of the food we get
calories per gram.
Sample calculations
A kidney bean weighs 2.3g.
It is burned up and the ashes weigh .6g
1.7 g of bean were lost.
The burning bean heated 40ml of water from 17C up
to 31C.
note: [14ml H2O = 14g of H2O]
The water is 14C hotter.
14C x 40g water
560 calories / by 1.7g
=
560 calories.
=
329 calories/gram
Calculations
Temp C
Initial
Final
Change
Water (g)
calories
12
35
23
40 ml
920
Mass
Initial
Final
change
2.1 g
.8 g
1.3 g
Calories/gram
920/1.3
708 cal/g
Kilocalories…..kcal food calories
1 kcal has 1000 calories
To convert calories into kcal……….
Divide calories by 1000.
2300 calories = 2.3 kcal.