Transcript pharmacognosy herbalism 1

Garlic
The fresh bulb of Allium sativum 
Liliaceae
Constituent: S- containing compounds,
enzymes, flavonoids.
Uses: antihypertensive, 
antithrombotic, lipid lowering agent,
antimicrobial, protective against
cancer.
Presentation:powder, capsules. 
Daily dose: 1-2 g fresh garlic cloves. 
ADR: during surgery. 
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Ginger
Source: dried rhizome of Zingiber officinalis
Zingiberaceae.
Constituent: Oleoresin. Essential oil. 
Uses: antimetic, antinauseant, 
antiinflammatory, antimicrobial,
gastroprotective, stimulant.
Common application: loss of appetite, 
motion sickness.
Presentation: herb, tea, capsule. 
Daily dose: 2-4 g . 
ADR: occasional dyspepsia, depression, 
cardiac arrhythmias
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Ginkgo biloba
Source: leaves of Ginkgo biloba 
Constituent: flavonoid, diterpene, 
sesqueterpene.
Uses: increase blood flow antioxidant.
Common application: tinnitus. 
Presentation: tablet, tea, capsule. 
Daily dose: 300 mg dry leaves 
ADR: occasional GIT disturbances, 
headache, allergy.
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Ginsing
Source: main root part of species of panax
ginsing dried rhizome of Zingiber officinalis
Zingiberaceae.
Constituent: saponin, volatile oil. 
Uses: immunomodulator 
Common application: stress fatigue, 
Presentation: herb, decoction. 
Daily dose: 1-2 g . 
ADR: excitation, insomnia 
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Milk thistle
Source: Silybium mariamnum 
Const.: flavonlignan. 
Uses: FRS. Hepatoprotective. 
Common application: loss of appetite.
Presentation: caps. Extract 
ADR:DIH 
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St John wort
Source: dried leaves and lowers of 
Hypericum perforatum.
Const.: hypericin., flavonoids 
Uses: antideppresent. Sedative , anxiolytic. 
Common application: mild antdeppresant. 
Presentation: caps. Extract, tablet 
ADR: photosensitivity. Headache. Nauseae. 
Saw palmetto
Source: Serenoa repens 
Const.: phytosterol. 
Uses: Oestrogenic effect.. 
Common application: BPH. 
Presentation: liquid extract, caps.
ADR:GIT upset, hormonal 
interaction.DIH
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Valerian
Source:dried root of valeriana officinalis 
Const.valepotriate, volatile oil, pyridine 
alkaloid.
Uses: sedative and hypnotic. 
Common application: insomnia, muscle- 
relaxing effect.
Presentation: teabag, mixture, powder.. 
Extract
ADR: headacche, nauseae, excitability 
valerian
Kava
Source: the root from piper methsticum 
Const. Kavalactone, alkaloid, flavonoids. 
Uses: treatment of anxiety. Muscle relaxant.
Common application:genetiuronariy tract 
infection, vaginitis.
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Presentation: powder, extrcat, lotion. 
ADR: disturbances of vision, yellowing
of the skindiziness.
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