Transcript ESCM Chapter 7, Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland

ESCM Chapter 7
Martin Howley
Overview
• Background
• Responses
• Outline
• Issues
• Emissions
• Decomposition analysis
Background
• Indicators not merely data
• provide a deeper understanding of the main
issues and to highlight important relations that are
not evident using basic statistics
• Good indicator has a clear objective on what it’s
supposed to measure
• Coherence between the energy aspect and the
activity
• International comparability
Background
• Existing and forthcoming publications
– UN Sustainability Indicators
– ODYSSEE Energy Indicators
– IEA Energy Efficiency Indicators
– MESH
Background – types of indicators
• Econometric indicators – energy intensity
• Physical indicators – energy per tonne, sq metre,
passenger km, tonne km, etc
• Efficiency indicator – decomposition analysis
• Environmental indicator – energy-related
emission per capita, GDP, kWh etc
• Indirect indicator – motorization rate, appliance
label shares, etc
• Composite – ODEX
• Price – cost per energy unit
Background - Responses
• Focus energy indicators
• Special focus on energy intensity. However,
intensity is a very misleading indicator for energy
efficiency. Need to explain why intensity should
not be used for energy efficiency.
• Not sure about if the distance travelled per capita
is a good example.
• Energy use per capita. A need to define what use
covers.
Background - Responses
• Efficiency of energy conversion
• Industrial energy intensities: There is a need to
add energy consumption per tonne of production
(cement, iron and still, etc.). It is often more
meaningful than intensity.
• Not sure about useful is Agricultural energy
intensities are really meaningful. They are so
dependent on so many factors.
Background - Responses
• Scope
– to identify usages for public policies of such
information: national development plans
(including sustainable energy development),
and international conventions and protocols.
– the relevant processes and activities related to
production and consumption of energy for the
calculation of greenhouse gas emissions
Background - Responses
• Energy-related greenhouse gas
emissions: Emission factors used (if national
factors are used, how are they derived?). Some
emissions such at nitrous oxides (NOx) depend
on how it’s consumed in terms of the technology,
load factor, etc.
• The choice of the set of indicators compiled by a
country should consider the sustainable
development approach, according to its three
dimensions: social, economic and environment,
as well as according to theme and sub - theme
Outline
• Introduction
• What is a ‘good indicator’
• Types of Indicators
• Data Sources
• National Indicators
– Energy intensity
– Energy per capita
Outline
• Sectoral Indictors
• Energy Efficiency versus Energy Intensity
Issues
• Climate correction
• Energy Intensity versus Energy Efficiency
• Monetary value – constant values (real)
Issues – Climate correction
30,000
25,000
kWh/Dwelling per annum
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total
Total (climate corrected)
Issues – Intensity v Efficiency
120
Index 1995 = 100
100
80
60
40
20
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Energy Intensity - Actual
Energy Intensity at Constant Structure
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
• IPCCC
• Emission Factors
• CO2 NOx SOx, methane etc
• Emissions trading v non-trading (EU)
• Emissions Indicators
Decomposition analysis
• Disaggregate energy consumption, emissions
into component parts
• Changes in consumption related to changes in
component activity
Decomposition analysis
ESCM Chapter 7
Thank you.