Transcript 3220Chapter3.ppt

The moral principals and values that govern
actions and decisions. They are guidelines on
how to act when faced with moral dilemmas.
Yes
Ethical
and
Legal
Ethical
but
Illegal
Unethical
but
Legal
Unethical
and
Illegal
Yes
No
Ethical?
No
Legal?
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Treatment of respondents/participants
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Impact on others
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Collection of data
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Interpretation of data
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Use of data
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No harm
◦ Confidential or Anonymous?
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Full disclosure
◦ Before and after (debriefing)
◦ No deception (passive or active)
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No coercion
◦ Right of refusal
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Identity protection
◦ Anonymity or confidentiality
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Haney, Banks, Zimbardo (1973). Interpersonal
dynamics in a simulated prison
21 male students participated in an experimental simulated prison
experience. Ss were randomly assigned to the role of prisoner or
prison guard. The reaction to confinement and the interpersonal
relationships that developed between prisoner and guard were
unexpectedly intense, realistic, and in some cases, pathologic.
Prisoners experienced a loss of personal identity and displayed a
syndrome of passivity, dependency, depression, and helplessness. In
contrast, the majority of the guards experienced a marked gain in
social power, status, and group identification which made the roleplaying rewarding. Originally planned as a 2-wk experiment, it was
terminated after 8 days due to the development of acute emotional
disturbances.
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Bach-y-Rita (1974). The prisoner as an
experimental subject.
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Informed consent in prison is a particularly difficult issue, since what
may be perceived as an acceptable risk for a person inside a prison
may be totally unacceptable for that same person outside. The
inability of the prisoner to have access to a physician of his choice
and the lack of protection that prison affords to the prisoner also
must be considered. The types of coercive pressure that occur in
prison and how they operate to influence participation (e.g.,
prisoners may be attracted to the relatively comfortable life that a
research ward offers) also place restraints on experimental studies
in prison environments.
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Public
◦ Nature of product
◦ Nature of knowledge
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Other stakeholders
◦ Competition, suppliers, shareholders
 Fairness of data obtained
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Following appropriate methods
◦ Scientific method
◦ Interpretive method
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Accurate report of method
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Disclose only as appropriate
◦ Who paid for the data?
◦ What level of confidentiality was assured?
◦ What extent of use was agreed upon?
 By respondents
 By purchaser
n
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Tri-Council guidelines for human subjects
research
Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans
◦ Medical Research Council (MRC),
◦ Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council
(NSERC),
◦ Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council
(SSHRC).
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http://pre.ethics.gc.ca/english/policystatement/policystatement.
cfm
University Human Subjects Research Committees
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Legal does not equal ethical.
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Researchers have broad responsibilities:
◦ To respondents, to clients, to stakeholders, and
to the public.
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Research integrity is crucial.
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Act ethically, or rules will be imposed.