Transcript Day 1 Inshore Fisheries Challenges and an Overview of CBNRM CEAFM

Pacific food security challenges, historical
context of CBNRM/CEAFM, and the
stock-take of CBNRM/CEAFM
Moses J Amos, FAME, SPC
Presentation Overview
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Background
Coastal fisheries management
Why ineffective
Challenges
Conclusion
Background – Coastal Fisheries
 Multi-species shallow water fisheries –
 Finfish,
 Invertebrates ,and
 Others (seaweeds, live rock)
 Multi-gear - gleaning, spear fishing, trapping,
gillnetting, hook/line dropline fishing, and trolling
 Multi-fishing methods - walking, wading, swimming,
and fishing from non-motorised and motorised
vessels.
 Multi-stocks throughout the region
Coastal fisheries management
 Unlike the industrial tuna fishery, there
is no regional approach to coastal
fisheries management.
 Considered the responsibility of each
PICT.
 Various management techniques have
been used by PICTs:
 Informal
 Formal
Informal Coastal Fisheries
Management systems
CMT
CBFM
CBNRM
Informal
TPA
CMMA
Ridge
to Reef
CEAFM
Co-M
Formal Coastal Fisheries
Management systems
SL
LE
GR
TAC
AC
Formal
SH
MR
BAN
MPA
Combination of Informal and
Formal Management Measures
Informal
Failed
Management
of Coastal
Fisheries
Formal
Coastal fisheries management
• Ineffective coastal fisheries management is a
real tragedy for the Pacific region.
• Failure of the management techniques has
resulted in closing down of fisheries to prevent
collapse of the resource.
• Such moratoriums have devastating impacts on
coastal communities.
For Example ……State of Export Sea
Cucumber Fisheries
Marshall Is.
New SC regs
Palau
Closed
FSM
Needs MGT
Kiribati
Papua New Guinea
Kiribati
Closed
Solomon Is.
Closed
New Caledonia
Managed
Kiribati
Needs MGT
Tokelau
Closed
Tuvalu
Closed
Samoa
Wallis &
French Polynesia
Vanuatu
Futuna Un-fished
Managed
Closed
Needs MGT
Cook Is.
Niue
Un-fished
Fiji Is.
Un-fished
Needs MGT Tonga
Needs MGT
Coastal fisheries management
• Fully exploited or in over fished
state.
• Production will not expand in
future.
• Production will decline and the
situation will become worse in
the future.
Why - ineffective coastal fisheries
management?
Much of the ineffectiveness of coastal
fisheries resource management is
attributed to:
 Lack of/outdated coastal fisheries
management policy/plans/regulations
 Lack of monitoring, control, and
surveillance (MCS) measures
 Limited cooperation between regional
agencies and NGOs
Why - ineffective coastal fisheries
management?
 Inadequate skilled officers in coastal
fisheries
 Focus on increasing production and not on
reducing fishing effort
 Limited empowerment of coastal
communities
 Limited political will and support
Challenges _ Livelihoods
Fundamental importance in
PICTs
Very important for local
incomes - provides around
50% of coastal households
with 1st or 2nd source of
income.
Challenges - Patterns of Economic Development
 Likely that economies of most
Pacific Island Countries will not be
in very good shape
 Many people without jobs will
seek income and food security
from harvesting of coastal
fisheries
 Willingness to compromise
tomorrow’s sustainability for
today’s food security and income
Challenges _ Food security
Coastal fisheries provides 50% - 90% of
protein intake for coastal communities
Food Security
How much coastal fish do we eat?
39
96
79
115
53
146
118
30
>150
94
79
61
113
50
43
56
85
Challenges – Food security
Poorly-managed fisheries
Quantity of fish/habitat
a)
Fish needed by
growing population
Fish habitat
Fish
from
available from
Fish available
stocks
coastal
stocks
Gap in supply of
fish to be filled
Time
Well-managed fisheries
Quantity of fish/habitat
b)
Fish needed by
growing population
Fish habitat
Fish available from
stocks
Fish available from
coastal stocks
Time
Challenges – Food security
100,000 t
10,000 t
5,000 t
Challenges – Food security
Assume a whole snapper:
25-30 cm or around 250g
Plate size fish
Fish gap within 15 years
Melanesia
pieces
Micronesia
pieces
Polynesia
pieces
WHERE WILL THE EXTRA FISH
COME FROM????
Sustainable management of wild
fisheries, or
Catch of industrial tuna fisheries, or
small scale tuna fishing around FADs, or
Small pelagics, or
Aquaculture/mariculture, or
All of the above
Some Conclusions
 Coastal fisheries resources will not be able to meet
demand from growing populations.
 Effective management is needed to sustain coastal
fisheries production at optimum levels.
 Alternative sources of fish for food include catch of
industrial tuna fisheries, small scale tuna fishing
around FADs, aquaculture, and small pelagics.
Thank you
Merci beaucoup
Any Questions