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The Production of “new” and
“similar” phones in a foreign
language
- evidence for the effect of equivalence
classification
Author: Flege, J. (1986)
Presenter: Shu-ping Chuang (Erin)
Advisor: Rung-fu, Chung
Date: March 1st, 2012
Methods- Subjects
Group
42 women
A
Monolingual English subjects
B
Least experienced native
English subjects
9 months in Paris, had little
opportunity to speak French
C
More French-language
experience
advanced degree in French & teach
French
English was principle language
D
Most experienced native
English subjects
Married to French
French was principle language
E
Native French subjects
Live in America/
Had opportunities to use French, but
English was principle language
F
Monolingual French subjects
Methods- Procedures
 1. read phrases only
 2. produced sentences based on the phrases
and read them
Methods-Results (1)
 1. stop consonant production
 The mean VOT of /t/ in the French word tous
(/tu/) and the English word two (/tu/)
merger
similar
differ
similar
Methods-Results (2)
 2. vowel production
Eng.-like
1. Learning French did not affect production of Eng. /u/
2. Learning English did affect how the French produced /u/ in French/
Methods-Results (2)
 There is an upper limit for L2 learners
approximate L2 phonetic norms for similar
phones (new better than similar)
norm
/y/ in tu
new /y/
similar /u/
/u/ in tous
Summary
 1. Adults can produce NEW L2 phones.
 2. Adults modifies their patterns of
articulation when producing SIMILAR L2
phones
 3. Equivalence Classification put L1 & L2 in
the same category.
 4. This may ultimately prevent them from
producing similar but not new phones
authentically.
Questions
Thank You!!