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Aaron Raymond See
Department of Electrical Engineering
Southern Taiwan University
7/16/2016
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Outline
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Introduction
Methodology
Preliminary Results
Conclusions
References
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Introduction
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 Over 30 years….
EEG asymmetry
 Emotional states
 Psychophysiological conditions
From: Carvalho A et al (2011) Journal of Affective Disorders, 129, pp. 143-148.
Allen J (2004) Biological Psychology, 67, pp.1-5
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Introduction
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Fig. 1 Frontal EEG asymmetry as a moderator. Model adapted from Baron and Kenney (1986).
From: Coan J and Allen J (2004) Biological Psychology, 67:7-49.
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Introduction
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 Effects of relatively greater left frontal activity:
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General appetitive
Approachable
Behavioral activation
Motivational
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Introduction
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 Effects of greater right frontal activity
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General avoidance
Withdrawal behaviors
Fear
Anxiety
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Introduction
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 EEG asymmetry measurement
 Index computed through the difference between the
natural logarithm of the left hemisphere alpha power
from right hemisphere alpha power
 = ln(right alpha power) – ln(left alpha power)
From: Coan J and Allen J (2004) Biological Psychology, 67:7-49.
Jetha M et al (2009) International Journal of Psychophysiology, 72: 228-233.
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Introduction
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Fig. 2 Scatterplots of the relation between EEG alpha asymmetry (ln right hemisphere minus ln
left hemisphere power) in the frontal regions for eyes-open and eyes closed conditions.
From: Jetha M et al (2009) International Journal of Psychophysiology, 72: 228-233.
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Introduction
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 The factors may be considered as an index for the risk of
anxiety and depression.
Fig. 3 Spectral asymmetry index values averaged over a group of depressive and control subjects
From: Coan J and Allen J (2004) Biological Psychology, 67:7-49.
Smit DJA et al (2007) Biological Psychology, 74: 26-33.
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Hinrikus H et al (2009) Med Biol Eng Comput, 47: 1291-1299.
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Introduction
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Fig. 4 Frontal asymmetry (mean and sd) in normal, remmitted and depressed elderly subjects.
From: Carvalho et al. Journal of Affective Disorders, 129, pp. 143-148, 2011.
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Introduction
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 Music was found to be correlated with emotional
experience.
Fig. 5 Differences among four musical excerpts on left and right frontal EEG alpha power
From: Schmidt L and Trainor et al (2001) Cognition and Emotion, 14: 487-500.
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Introduction
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Objective:
To determine the effects on EEG asymmetry of resting
EEG after listening to melancholic music.
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Methodology
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Subjects:
3 Male University Students
Mean Age 20 Yrs Old
Experimental procedure:
Divided into 3 parts
 1st measure continuous resting eyes closed EEG 10 mins
 2nd listen to melancholic songs no EEG recording 10 mins
 3rd measure continuous resting eyes closed EEG 10 mins
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Methodology
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 Nu Amps Express of NeuroScan Company
 16 channels were placed according to the 10-20 system
 Impedance was kept at 5 kΩ
 The channels recorded are composed of the following:
 Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, C3, and C4
 Bandpass filtered using: 0.5-30 Hz
 Sampling Frequency: 1000 Hz
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Methodology
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 Harmonic parameter extraction:
 Beta, Alpha, Theta, Delta
 Single side power of each harmonic parameter
 Power is normalize
 Asymmetry index
 ln[right alpha] – ln[left alpha]
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Preliminary Results
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Subject 1
0
-0.02
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
-0.1
-0.12
before 1
after 1
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Fp2-Fp1
-0.09
-0.04
F4-F3
-0.11
-0.04
Fig. 6 EEG asymmetry of subject 1
C4-C3
-0.04
-0.03
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Preliminary Results
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Subject 2
0.04
0.02
0
-0.02
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
-0.1
before 2
after 2
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Fp2-Fp1
-0.01
0.02
F4-F3
-0.04
-0.08
Fig. 7 EEG asymmetry of subject 2
C4-C3
-0.05
-0.04
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Preliminary Results
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Subject 3
0.04
0.02
0
-0.02
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
-0.1
-0.12
-0.14
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before 3
after 3
Fp2-Fp1
-0.1
-0.12
F4-F3
-0.09
-0.1
Fig. 8 EEG asymmetry of subject 3
C4-C3
0.01
0.03
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Preliminary Results
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Average
0.00
-0.02
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
-0.10
before
after
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Fp2-Fp1
-0.07
-0.05
F4-F3
-0.08
-0.07
Fig. 9 Average EEG asymmetry of 3 subjects
C4-C3
-0.03
-0.01
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Preliminary Results
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Table 1. EEG asymmetry index comparison
Subject 1
Left
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Right
Before
After
Before
After
Beta
9.66
15.57
9.77
15.70
Alpha
36.01
39.49
33.17
38.15
Theta
52.63
43.42
55.46
44.71
Delta
1.70
1.53
1.60
1.45
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Preliminary Results
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Subject 1 Left
Subject 1 Right
60
60
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
Beta
Alpha
Before
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Theta
Delta
0
Beta
After
Fig. 10 EEG asymmetry comparison
Alpha
Before
Theta
Delta
After
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Conclusions
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 Melancholic music presented to the subjects were
able to display observable changes in the EEG
asymmetry indexes and the normalized power of
the harmonic parameters.
 The asymmetry indexes were brought closer to the
baseline after listening to the set of music.
 Beta power increase and decrease were observed
to affect theta changes.
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Conclusions
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 More experiments may determine new methods to
provide a definitive test on emotional and
psychological states.
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Acknowledgements
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The authors would like to thank the financial support
from National Science Council of Taiwan on grant
number NSC 99-2221-E-218-012.
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References
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P. Possel, (2008) Biological Psychology, 78: 173-178.
Wheeler RE et al (1993) Psychophysiology, 30: 82–89.
Coan J and Allen J (2004) Biological Psychology, 67: 7-49.
Jones NA, Field T, and Davalos M (1998) Infant behavior and Development,
21: 527–530.
Coan JA, Allen JJ B ( 2003) The Asymmetrical Brain, MIT Press, Cambridge,
MA, 565–615.
Davidson RJ (1993) Cognition and Emotion 7: 115–138.
Harmon-Jones E and Allen JJ B (1997) Journal of Abnormal Psychology,
106: 159–163.
Hinrikus H et al (2009) Med Biol Eng Comput, 47: 1291-1299.
Grin-Yatsenko et al (2010) Clinical Neurophysiology, 121: 281-289.
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References
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 Harmon-Jones E, Gable P A, and Peterson C K (2010) Biological Psychology,
84: 451-462.
 Lin YP et al (2010) Neuroreport, 21: 410-414.
 Sokhadze E (2007) Applied Pyschophysiology and Biofeedback, 32: 31-50.
 Carvalho A et al (2011) Journal of Affective Disorders, 129: 143-148.
 Allen J (2004) Biological Psychology, 67: 1-5 .
 Jetha M et al (2009) International Journal of Psychophysiology, 72: 228-233.
Smit DJA et al (2007) Biological Psychology, 74: 26-33.
Schmidt L and Trainor et al (2001) Cognition and Emotion, 14: 487-500.
http://racqueldozier.blogspot.com/2011/04/mastering-your-emotions.html
http://mrdfourth90.com/all_class_sites/2010/Human_Body/data/CPemotion
s.htm
 http://novelideaslifeofateenwriter.wordpress.com/2011/01/05/traumatic-ordramatic-life-after-a-death-scene/
 http://www.medicalook.com/Mental_health/Anxiety.html
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