Transcript Cancer-1.ppt

Cancer
• First-second most common cause of death
in Western world
• One in 2-3 Western people will die of
cancer
lezione del dr Cirò
clonal
lezione del dr Cirò
Neoplastic progression
• Benign or malignant neoplasms can acquire
increasingly aggressive features
• Most malignant neoplasms arise de novo
• Neoplasms are thought to be preceded by
preneoplastic conditions
Metaplasia
an adaptive substitution of one type of adult tissue to another
type of adult tissue
under stress a more vulnerable type of tissue will be replaced
by another more capable of withstanding stress
Dysplasia
An abnormality in cell size, appearance, with
or without a disorganized growth pattern
Neoplasia
A disease of cells characterized by alteration of normal
growth regulatory mechanisms
Classification-approach
Terminology which is used to describe a mass is
based on the clinical, gross and microscopic
features-which in combination are a reflection
of the predicted/expected biologic behavior
Benign
?
Malignant
Invasion and Metastasis
• Characteristics that are unique to malignant
neoplasms (cancer)
• The major cause of morbidity and mortality
Cancer Grade
• Alternate term “tumor grade” (G0-G3)
• Based on microscopic features
(cytology or histology)
low grade
moderate
high
Cancer Stage
• Reflects degree of spread, for an individual cancer
patient
• Assigned at the time of diagnosis, may be updated
as patient progresses
T Tumor characteristics
N Nodal involvement
M Metastasis
Epidemiologia dei tumori
Il cancro è una malattia genetica
La componente “ambientale” gioca
però un ruolo fondamentale:
Sociologia dei tumori
Ereditá dei tumori
• Una componente ereditaria é piú o meno facilmente
identificable sia per la predisposizione, che per la
insorgenza di diversi tipi di tumori;
• Tumori ereditari: retinoblastoma, adenomatosi familiare
del colon, piccola frazione dei tumori mammari/ovarici
• Tumori familiari: manifestazione familiare di tumori
esistenti anche in forma sporadica
• Sindromi da difetti nel sistema di riparazione del DNA