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Wood Stoves and Wood Smoke
Health Effects and Heating Efficiency
Presented by Cindy Williams
Division of Air Quality
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation
How to burn wood with
fewer health effects?
Burn Wood Completely
•Heat
9000Btu/pound
•Stack gases: carbon dioxide (half)
•Stack gases: water vapor (half)
•No visible smoke, few particles
•All the potential heat
Practices for Burning Cleanly
•
•
•
•
•
•
Use dry fuel. Be a fanatic about it.
Burn hot fires. Particulates peak right after loading.
Change the ash pan without spilling and blowing.
Top down fires are an option.
Give your stove a dedicated air supply.
Don’t dry wood in the house. It brings in molds,
which can cause asthma and allergies.
Early Career
(Born 1901)
1925
H's paper providing breakthrough to quantum
mechanics (Zs. f. Phys., 33, 879-893) received.
1926
Appointment as Lecturer in Bohr's institute.
1927
H's paper on the uncertainty principle
(Zs. f. Phys., 43, 172-198) received.
Mar
Sep
Attends Como conference; where Bohr presents
complementarity.
Oct
Appointed Professor of Theoretical
Physics in Leipzig.
Attends Solvay Congress, Brussels.
Summer
Particulate Matter
Bethel
Winter
Health:
Who is affected most?
• People with heart or lung disease, including asthma, COPD
• Early and late in life: Infants, Children & Older Adults
• Persons with lower socioeconomic status
• Other pre-existing diseases and conditions (e.g., diabetes,
obesity)
Efficient Wood Heating
More heat from the wood
Aged, dry wood
Good ventilation
Good, certified, woodstove
Good heat recovery
Hot fires, through the burn cycle
Less PM up the stack or into the room
Complete Combustion
Healthy Wood Heating
Aged, dry wood
Good ventilation
Good, certified woodstove
Hot fires, through the burn cycle
Less PM up the stack or into the room
Complete Combustion
Healthy Heating
Efficient Heating
Good fuel: Aged, dry wood
Good ventilation
Good, certified woodstove
Hot fires, through the burn cycle
Less Particulates up the stack or
into the room
Health
Fewer toxics, from clean fuel
Good ventilation
Less PM up the stack or into the room
Heat
More heat from the wood
Good heat recovery
Use less wood
Less PM up the stack or into the room
Woodsmoke Solutions…
Why do we need a
“solutions”
approach to protect
our community
right now?
 Because wood heat is practical and
affordable, meaning woodstoves will continue to
be used in many of our homes.
 Because converting our homes to cleaner
heat sources is expensive and will take many
years.
 Because expensive oil and electric rates
mean our families will rely even more on wood
heat this winter.
Tribal Healthy Homes Northwest – Community Education Slide Series
Some approaches to DRY FUEL…
1) Buy moisture meters – use
them to show residents how
much moisture is in their
wood
2) Create a wood “banking”
program where residents can
trade their wet wood for dry,
seasoned wood
Tribal Healthy Homes Northwest – Community Education Slide Series
Some approaches to EDUCATION…
1)
Hold a Woodstove Education
Community Fair
2)
Play “Woodstove” operation
videos on your local public
access channel or your website
3)
Hand out or mail “BurnWise”
flyers and materials.
Tribal Healthy Homes Northwest – Community Education Slide Series
Vegetation Structure and Biomass
· Quantification of Carbon Flux Dynamics
· Global Earth Systems Modeling
· Land Management
· Commercial Forestry
JERS-1 L-band SAR
Alaska transect, Brooks to Alaska Ranges
C. L. Williams, 2003
When the steel mill was open, total children’s hospital
admissions for respiratory conditions approx. doubled.
Children's Respiratory Hospital Admissions
Fall and Winter Months, Utah Valley
300
Children's Respiratory Hospital Admissions
Mill
Open
g/m3/Numbers of Admissions
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
g/m3/Numbers of Admissions
Fall and Winter Months, Utah Valley
250
Total
Mean High
PM10
levels for
Months
Included
200
150
Mean PM
10
100
levels for
Months
Included
Mean High
PM10
levels for
Months
Included
Mean PM10
levels for
Months
Included
Bronchitis
and
Asthma
Total
Bronchitis
and
Asthma
Pneumonia
and
Pleurisy
Pneumonia
and
Pleurisy
50
0
PM10 concentrationsPM
10
Children's respiratory hospital
admissionsrespiratory hospital admissions
Children's
concentrations
Sources: Pope. Am J Pub Health.1989; Pope. Arch Environ Health. 1991
Sources: Pope. Am J Pub Health.1989; Pope. Arch Environ Health. 1991
Mill
Closed
2006;114:2443-48
Jeffrey Anderson
Methods:
Case-crossover study of acute
ischemic coronary events (heart
attacks and unstable angina) in
12,865 well-defined and followed up
cardiac patients who lived on Utah’s
Wasatch Front
…and who underwent coronary
angiography