Transcript LO et al. 2010 Use of Biogas for Cooking

Direct use of Biogas for
Cooking/Heating/Lighting
Dexter Lo, Maria Isabel R. Dumlao, Lou Menard
Casero, Xavier University
Direct use of Biogas for Cooking/Heating/Lighting
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The contents of the SSWM Toolbox reflect the opinions of the respective authors and not necessarily the official opinion of the funding or
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Depending on the initial situations and respective local circumstances, there is no guarantee that single measures described in the toolbox
will make the local water and sanitation system more sustainable. The main aim of the SSWM Toolbox is to be a reference tool to provide
ideas for improving the local water and sanitation situation in a sustainable manner. Results depend largely on the respective situation
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Direct use of Biogas for Cooking/Heating/Lighting
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Contents
1.
Concept
2.
How can it optimize SSWM
3.
Applicability
4.
Advantages and disadvantages
5.
References
Direct use of Biogas for Cooking/Heating/Lighting
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1. Concept
Background
Biogas is a mixture of methane, carbon dioxide and other trace gasses,
which can easily be transformed to light or heat.
The gas is produced by anaerobic digestion of organic material, usually
animal dung, human excreta and crop residue in a biogas reactor will
usually be piped from the top of the tank to a biogas cooking stove
and/or biogas lights.
Composition:
•Methane (65-70%)
•Carbon dioxide (25-30%)
•Varying quantities of water and
hydrogen sulphide
•Other compounds such as ammonia,
hydrogen, nitrogen and carbon
monoxide (adapted from ASHDEN (2004), TILLEY et al. (2008))
Direct use of Biogas for Cooking/Heating/Lighting
Anaerobic Biogas
Reactor. Source: TILLEY et al. (2008)
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1. Concept
Working principle
• The main prerequisite of biogas use is the availability of specially
designed biogas burners or modified consumer appliances.
• Can be used in stoves for cooking and in gas lamps for lighting,
refrigerators and incubators, coffee roasters, driers, baking ovens and
water heaters, chicken or piglet heaters, power engines for milling or
generating electricity
• In some cases, especially at larger scale, further treatment or
conditioning of biogas is necessary before it is ready to use
(Treatment aims to remove water, hydrogen sulphide or carbon
dioxide from the raw gas)
• Safety measures are needed, especially to reduce the risk of
explosion in case of leakages.
Direct use of Biogas for Cooking/Heating/Lighting
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2. Description of the Measure/Tool/Approach
Examples
Running a gas lamp from
biogas, Vietnam. Source: PBPO
Direct use of Biogas for Cooking/Heating/Lighting
Biogas stove in kitchen, India,
Source:
D. Fulford
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2. Description of the Measure/Tool/Approach
Examples
Women cooking
with biogas,
Gorkha, Nepal Source:
Practical Action, Rajesh KC
Direct use of Biogas for Cooking/Heating/Lighting
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2. Description of the Measure/Tool/Approach
Examples
Ordinary pressure lamp that had been modified for biogas use,
Kenya. Source: Daraja Kenya
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2. How can it optimize SSWM
The use of biogas for cooking, heating, lighting can help in optimizing
your local water management and sanitation system and make it more
sustainable by:
• Making productive use of the energy contained in human waste
• Make households less dependent on other energy sources
• Making cooking, lighting and heating saver, cleaner and easier in
households
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3. Applicability
• Easily adaptable and can be applied at the household level
• biodigesters are appropriate for dense housing areas or public
institutions that generate a lot of sludge, but where space is limited
• Biogas production is less appropriate for colder climates as gas
production is not economically feasible below 15°C (TILLEY et al. 2008).
• The use of Biogas makes cooking, lighting and heating much more
saver, cleaner and easier in households. Especially if this region
suffers from a lack of fuel wood.
Direct use of Biogas for Cooking/Heating/Lighting
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4. Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
• Generation of a renewable energy
source
•Requires expert design and skilled
construction
•Biogas lamps have lower
efficiency compared to using
• Saving of natural resources (e.g.wood)
kerosene
• Simple and didactic process design
• No/less electrical energy required
• Reduces workload in collecting
firewood and in cooking
• Deforestation and soil erosion can be
reduced
• Cooking is quicker and easier than
cooking with firewood
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5. References
ASHDEN (2004): Biogas cooking stoves for villages on the fringes of the tiger reserve in Ranthambhore Park. London,
GB: The Ashden Awards for Sustainable Energy
TILLEY, E., LÜTHI, C., MOREL, A., ZURBRÜGG, C., SCHERTENLEIB, R. (2008): Compendium of Sanitation Systems and
Technologies. Switzerland: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science (EAWAG) & Water Supply and Sanitation
Collaborative Council (WSSCC)
Direct use of Biogas for Cooking/Heating/Lighting
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“Linking up Sustainable Sanitation,
Water Management & Agriculture”
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supported by:
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