Transcript BRUNI 2012 Simple Handwashing Devices-120611

Simple Hand Washing Devices
Marco Bruni, seecon international gmbh
Simple Hand Washing Devices
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Copyright
Included in the SSWM Toolbox are materials from various organisations and sources. Those materials are open source. Following the opensource concept for capacity building and non-profit use, copying and adapting is allowed provided proper acknowledgement of the source
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Disclaimer
The contents of the SSWM Toolbox reflect the opinions of the respective authors and not necessarily the official opinion of the funding or
supporting partner organisations.
Depending on the initial situations and respective local circumstances, there is no guarantee that single measures described in the toolbox
will make the local water and sanitation system more sustainable. The main aim of the SSWM Toolbox is to be a reference tool to provide
ideas for improving the local water and sanitation situation in a sustainable manner. Results depend largely on the respective situation
and the implementation and combination of the measures described. An in-depth analysis of respective advantages and disadvantages and
the suitability of the measure is necessary in every single case. We do not assume any responsibility for and make no warranty with
respect to the results that may be obtained from the use of the information provided.
Simple Hand Washing Devices
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Contents
1. Introduction
2. Hand Washing and Public Health
3. Design of Hand Washing Devices
4. References
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1. Introduction
Hygiene, Public Health and Diseases
Health issues are often closely related to hygiene practices and the
management of water and sanitation.
Hand
Washing…
… is not common everywhere.
… is
cheap &
simple.
…blocks of the transmission of
diseases.
… has the
potential to
significantly
improve your local
water and
sanitation system
… doesn’t easily become a part of people’s daily
routines.
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2. Hand Washing and Public Health
Faecal-Oral Transmission Route
Source: WATERAID (2008)
How can simple hand washing optimise my local
sanitation and water system?
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2. Hand Washing and Public Health
Hand Washing Can Block the Transmission Route
Source: WATERAID (2008)
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2. Hand Washing and Public Health
Hand Washing Can Block the Transmission Route
• Hand washing can considerably contribute to an improved and
sustainable sanitation system by interrupting the transmission of
disease agents.
Consequently, diarrhoea, respiratory infections as well as
skin infections and trachoma are significantly reduced.
• Example: A study suggests that hand washing with soap, particularly
after contact with faeces (post-defecation and after handling a
child’s stool), can reduce diarrhoeal incidence by 42-47 percent.
CURTIS et al. (2000)
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3. Design of Hand Washing Devices
The General Design Principle
SIMPLE, EFFECTIVE, SUSTAINABLE
Source: US AID (2009)
Source:
http://pijudy.unblog.fr/files/2009/04/consommation
.jpg [Accessed: 14.06.2012]
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3. Design of Hand Washing Devices
Design Concerns
Technical considerations:
• Convenient location of facilities (i.e. close to work place,
community centre, toilet facilities, etc.)
• Convenient installation (e.g. height suit both children and adults)
• Clean area / comfort (e.g. drainage, frequent cleaning)
• Properly working devices (e.g. frequent maintenance)
BUT: That’s not good enough!
Need for making users understand of the purpose and benefits
of hand washing (awareness raising) in order to make the
consequent use of hand-washing facilities an integral part of
people’s daily routines.
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3. Design of Hand Washing Devices
Example 1: Simple Hand Washing Container
One of the simplest ways of making a hand sink is to find a container
(e.g. a can or plastic bottle) and drill a hole in the bottom. After filled
with water, hands can be washed while the water is slowly trickling
down. This low-cost option is applied easily and very effectively.
Source: SUSANA (2006)
Simple Hand Washing Devices
Source: MORGAN (2009)
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3. Design of Hand Washing Devices
Example 2: The ‘Tippy Tap’ Hand Sink
A tippy tap style hand sink can be made by several ways: The most
common way is to find a container (i.e. a large can, bottle or pot) and
drill a hole near the top. A string and a pedal is attached at the top of
the container allowing the water to flow out (by means of hands of
feet)
Source: SUSANA (2011)
Simple Hand Washing Devices
Source: DANIELSSON (2010)
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3. Design of Hand Washing Devices
Example 3: The ‘Tap Up’ Hand Sink
A bucket with a valve at the bottom can also serve as a hand sink.
Moving the valve upwards make the water flow out.
Source: DANIELSSON (2012)
Source: SUSANA (2009)
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4. References
CURTIS, V.; CAIRNCROSS, S.; YONLI, R. (2000): Review: Domestic hygiene and diarrhoea – pinpointing the problem. In: Tropical
Medicine and International Health Volume 5, No. 1, 22-32. URL:
http://www.globalhandwashing.org/files/research/5.%20Domestic_hygiene_diarrhea_pinpointing_problem.pdf [Accessed:
15.05.2012].
MORGAN, P (2009): Hand washing device using a can hand soap - Water is poured in to the tin can to trickles down. SUSANA. URL:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/gtzecosan/5570897118/ [Accessed 07.06.2012].
SUSANA (2006): Soda bottle hand-sink in Burkina Faso. URL: http://www.flickr.com/photos/gtzecosan/2957046075/ [Accessed
07.06.2012].
SUSANA (2009): Andy Handy sink. URL: http://www.flickr.com/photos/gtzecosan/3822076707/ [Accessed 07.06.2012].
SUSANA (2011): A Tippy Tap next to a toilet facility. Avadec. URL: http://www.flickr.com/photos/gtzecosan/6347574158/
[Accessed 07.06.2012].
US AID (2009): Hand washing by means of plastic bottles. Madagascar: US AID. URL:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/34741771@N05/3566430453/in/photostream/ [Accessed 07.06.2012].
WATERAID (2008): Technology Notes. London: Wateraid. URL:
http://www.wateraid.org/documents/plugin_documents/technology_notes_2008.pdf [Accessed: 12.03.2011].
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“Linking up Sustainable Sanitation,
Water Management & Agriculture”
SSWM is an
initiative
supported by:
Created
by:
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