Transcript ITCHON 2010 Aquaculture (Animals)

Aquaculture (Animals)
Gina S. Itchon, Xavier university
Aquaculture (Animals)
1
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
Copyright & Disclaimer
Copy it, adapt it, use it – but acknowledge the source!
Copyright
Included in the SSWM Toolbox are materials from various organisations and sources. Those materials are open source. Following the opensource concept for capacity building and non-profit use, copying and adapting is allowed provided proper acknowledgement of the source
is made (see below). The publication of these materials in the SSWM Toolbox does not alter any existing copyrights. Material published in
the SSWM Toolbox for the first time follows the same open-source concept, with all rights remaining with the original authors or producing
organisations.
To view an official copy of the the Creative Commons Attribution Works 3.0 Unported License we build upon, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0. This agreement officially states that:
You are free to:
• Share - to copy, distribute and transmit this document
• Remix - to adapt this document. We would appreciate receiving a copy of any changes that you have made to improve this
document.
Under the following conditions:
• Attribution: You must always give the original authors or publishing agencies credit for the document or picture you are using.
Disclaimer
The contents of the SSWM Toolbox reflect the opinions of the respective authors and not necessarily the official opinion of the funding or
supporting partner organisations.
Depending on the initial situations and respective local circumstances, there is no guarantee that single measures described in the toolbox
will make the local water and sanitation system more sustainable. The main aim of the SSWM Toolbox is to be a reference tool to provide
ideas for improving the local water and sanitation situation in a sustainable manner. Results depend largely on the respective situation
and the implementation and combination of the measures described. An in-depth analysis of respective advantages and disadvantages and
the suitability of the measure is necessary in every single case. We do not assume any responsibility for and make no warranty with
respect to the results that may be obtained from the use of the information provided.
Aquaculture (Animals)
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
Contents
1. Concept
2. How it can optimize SSWM
3. Applicability
4. Advantages and disadvantages
5. References
Aquaculture (Animals)
3
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
1. Concept
• Aquaculture in general refers to the controlled cultivation of aquatic
plants and animals by making use of wastewater as a nutrient source
for plants and fish.
• Fish can be grown in ponds where they feed on algae and other
organisms that grow in the nutrient-rich water. Through feeding, the
nutrients from the wastewater are removed and the fish are
eventually harvested for consumption.
• Three kinds of aquaculture designs for raising fish exist: (1)
fertilization of fish ponds with excreta/sludge; (2) fertilization of
fish ponds with effluent; and (3) fish grown directly in aerobic ponds.
• When introducing nutrients in the form of effluent or sludge it is
important to limit the additions so that aerobic conditions are
maintained.
Aquaculture (Animals)
4
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
1. Concept
• The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) should not exceed 1 g/m2d
and oxygen should be at least 4 mg/L. Fish introduced to aerobic
ponds can effectively reduce algae and help control mosquito
populations.
• The fish themselves do not dramatically improve the water quality,
but because of their economic value they can offset the costs of
operating a treatment facility. Under ideal operating conditions, up
to 10,000 kg/ha of fish can be harvested.
• If the fish are not acceptable for human consumption, they can be a
valuable source of protein for other high-valuable carnivores (like
shrimp) or converted into fishmeal for pigs and chickens.
Aquaculture (Animals)
5
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
1. Concept
Functional Design
Functional Design of an Aquaculture pond.
Aquaculture (Animals)
Source: TILLEY et al. (2008)
6
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
1. Concept
Example
Wastewater-fed aquaculture in Lima, Peru.
Aquaculture (Animals)
Source: EDWARDS (2008)
7
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
2. How can it optimize SSWM
Implementation and use of Aquaculture can help in optimizing your
local water management and sanitation system and make it more
sustainable by:
•Providing a steady source of income
•Making productive use of the nutrient value in the wastewater
•Allowing for a (partial) wastewater treatment inside the ponds
•By improving the local food security situation
Aquaculture (Animals)
8
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
3. Applicability
• A fish pond is only appropriate when there is a sufficient amount of
land (or a pre-existing pond), a source of fresh water and a suitable
climate.
• This technology is only appropriate for warm or tropical climates with
no freezing temperatures, and preferably with high rainfall and
minimal evaporation.
• Fish that are tolerant of low dissolved oxygen levels should be
chosen.
• Different varieties of carp, milkfish and tilapia have been successful,
but the specific choice will depend on local preference and
suitability.
Aquaculture (Animals)
9
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
4. Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
• Can provide a cheap, locally
available protein source
•Fish may pose a health risk if
improperly prepared or cooked
• Low to moderate capital cost;
operating costs should be
offset by production revenue
•Requires abundance of fresh
water
• Potential for local job creation
and income generation
• Can be built and maintained
with locally available materials
•Requires large land (pond) area
•May require expert design and
installation
(TILLEY et al. 2008)
(TILLEY et al. 2008)
Aquaculture (Animals)
10
Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info.
5. References
TILLEY, E., LÜTHI, C., MOREL, A., ZURBRÜGG, C., SCHERTENLEIB, R. (2008): Compendium of Sanitation
Systems and Technologies, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science (EAWAG) & Water Supply and Sanitation
Collaborative Council (WSSCC).
EDWARDS P. (2008): Volume III: Wastewater and excreta use in aquaculture. Bangkok, Thailand: Asian Institute of
Technology.
Aquaculture (Animals)
11
“Linking up Sustainable Sanitation,
Water Management & Agriculture”
SSWM is an initiative
supported by:
Compiled by:
Aquaculture (Animals)
12