Miller Jacob sol 2014 sm
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Transcript Miller Jacob sol 2014 sm
Modeling Biomass
Conversion to
Transportation Fuels
Jacob Miller
Advisor: Dr. Eric Larson
Outline
What is biomass? Why is it useful?
What is bioconversion?
What is biomass made of?
Manufacturing process
Model creation: Mass, energy, and carbon balances
Economic modeling, carbon and energy credits
Final cost estimates
What is biomass?
Yes
No
Switchgrass
Corn
Soybeans
Corn Stover
Inedible plant matter
Bioconversion
2
Rubin, 2008
Components of Biomass
What we care about:
Cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose
Enzymatic hydrolysis,
bioconversion
to fuels
Burned for electricity
Pretreatment,
bioconversion
to fuels
Alonso et al. 2012
3 Core Processes
Pretreatment: Separate hemicellulose and lignin from
cellulose, depolymerize hemicellulose (in some cases)
Common methods: dilute acid, steam, ammonia
Hydrolysis: break cellulose up into individual glucose
monomers
Method: enzymes (biological catalysts)
Bioconversion: converts sugars to fuel molecules
Common example: fermentation of glucose
to ethanol
Model Basis: NREL Model
Process units altered slightly in various scenarios
Davis et al. 2013
Model Creation: Mass, Energy,
and Carbon Balances
Mass flows, kg/hr
=Process CO2 outlets
Final Cost Estimates Sample
Plant Configurations
MFSP: Minimum fuel selling price
Takeaway: cellulosic biofuels won’t be economical without high
CO taxes
Acknowledgements
Princeton Environmental Institute
Dr. Eric Larson, Dr. Thomas Kreutz, Dr. Robert
Williams, Dr. Hans Meerman, Maurizio Spinelli
Questions?
Economic Modeling, Carbon
and Energy Credits
Discounted Cash Flow Analysis
External power source/replacement: Natural gas
combined cycle plant
CO2 tax: $0-$100/ton
Components of Biomass
% Dry Mass
Cellulose
% Dry Mass
Hemicellulose
% Dry
Mass
Lignin
Sugarcane
bagasse
35.2
24.5
22.2
18.1
Switchgrass
35.2
30.5
7.7
26.6
Corn stover
34.4
22.8
18
24.8
Plant
% Dry Mass
Other
Rezende et al. 2011
Godin et al. 2013
Kumar et al. 2009
Carbon Capture Integration
Rectisol
Less expensive ($1s million capital costs)
Can only capture CO2 from pressurized sources
Amine Solvent
More expensive ($100s million capital costs)
Can capture CO2 from any emissions source (ex:
biomass generator)