Dairy sector in Turkey

Sema Yaman Livestock Central Research Institute, Ankara 16 May 2013 - Bucharest FP7 REDNEX MEETING

Animal husbandry and dairy cattle sector in national economy and agricultural sector Animal husbandry has a great potential and is well placed in Turkish national economy and agricultural sector.

The contribution of livestock production is 26,5% in the agricultural production value (of 89.782 million TL). And the greatest contribution to livestock production value comes from cow milk as much as 42 % of it.

Contribution of milk production in agricultural production is 11.2% Dairy cattle, is main and/ or side employment source of millions living in rural. Means, economically and socially vey important sector and employment source (Anonymous 2009).

Anonymous 2009 : Agriculture in Turkey with economical indications 2008, AERI Pub No:176

Statistics of dairy sector • Cow milk supplies approximatly 92% of total milk production in Turkey • It is 98% and 83,5% for EU(27) and for world respectively.

• Proportion of sheep and goat milk in the total milk produce; 6,1 % and 1,97 %as respectively

years cattle

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Change (%) 2002-2011 9.803.498

9.803.498

10.069.346 10.526.440

10.871.364

11.036.753

10.859.942

10.723.958

11.369.800

12.386.337

26,3 Number of animals

buffalo Total large ruminants sheep

121.077

121.077

103.900

104.965

100.516

84.705

86.297

87.207

84.726

97.632

-19,3 9.924.575

9.924.575

10.173.246

10.631.405

10.971.880

11.121.458

10.946.239

10.811.165

11.454.526

12.483.969

25,7 25.173.706

25.173.706

25.201.15

25.304.325

25.616.912

25.475.293

23.974.591

21.749.508

23.089.691

25.031.565

-0,56

goat

6.780.094

6.780.094

6.609.937

6.517.464

6.643.294

6.286.358

5.593.561

5.128.285

6.293.233

7.277.953

7,3

Total small ruminats

31.953.800

31.953.80

31.811.092

31.821.789

32.260.206

31.761.651

29.568.152

26.877.793

29.382.924

32.309.518

1,1

Animal Milk Production cow Egzotic (cultured) Crossbred native sheep merino native Keçi Hair goat Angora goat buffalo TSO (Turkish Statistics Org.) Milk production (species and breed)

Üretim (Ton) 2010 cont (%) 2011 13 543 674 100,00 15 056 211 12 418 544 6 309 065 91,69 46,58 13 802 428 7 239 644 4 861 835 1 247 644 816 832 24 710 792 122 272 811 270 476 2 335 35 487 35,90 9,21 6,03 0,18 5,85 2,01 2,00 0,02 0,26 5 341 224 1 221 560 892 822 27 245 865 577 320 588 318 273 2 315 40 372 cont (%) 100,00 91,67 48,08 35,48 8,11 5,93 0,18 5,75 2,13 2,11 0,02 0,27 change (%) 11,2 11,1 14,7 9,9 -2,1 9,3 10,3 9,3 17,5 17,7 -0,8 13,8

• In 2011, total milk production in Turkey was increased compare to previous years production as much as 10,6% contrary to decrease in world milk production.

Structure of dairy sector in Turkey

size of farms Average size of the dairy farms in Turkey is small. Turkish Statistics Organization 2011 reported that farms have 1-9 head cattle is 81,1 % of the dairy farms.

Size of the farms (head cattle)

1to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 to 149 150-299 300 81,1% 12,8 5,4% 0,7% 0,0 0,0

Size of farms According to General Agricultural stock counting in 2001 and other work in 2006, it is not wrong to say; there are 1,1 million dairy farms and the average size of them is 4 head cattle.

crop and livestock production land size In Turkey 97% of livestock enterprises rearing large ruminant are doing both crop and livestock production.

% of Agricultural enterprises 61,9 20,4 11,8 6 Land size, da <50 50-99 100-199 ≥200 % Land cultivated 20,5 21,6 24,5 33 % of cattle population 47 25,5 17,85 10,4

genotype Various breeds of cattle are reared in Turkey, but in statistics gentype of groups are stated instead of spesific breeds name.

These groups are; - Cultured breeds wich includes all breeds brought from abroud and rised in Turkey as pure, -Native breeds of Turkey, -And crossbreeds between cultured breeds and native ones.

Number of genotype in cattle population 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

years total

11377 11 910 11 886 11 054 9 803 9 788 10 069 10 526 10 871 11 037 10 860

Native breeds

Numb.

6 690 6 126 5 182 4 446 3 586 3563 3 565 3633 3 405 3 276 2 851 % 58,8 51,4 43,6 40,2 36,6 36,4 35,4 34,5 31,3 29,7 26,2

Cross-breeds

Numb.

3 675 4 342 4 909 4 826 4 358 4285 4395 4538 4694 4465 4455 % 32,3 36,5 41,3 43,7 44,4 43,8 43,6 43,1 43,2 40,5 41,0

Cultured breeds

Numb.

1013 1 442 1 795 1782 1860 1941 2109 2355 2772 3296 3555 % 8,9 12,1 15,1 16,1 19,0 19,8 20,9 22,4 25,5 29,9 32,7

genotype Selection of cultured breeds are affected by coordinated countries and dominated breed in those countries; For example, Holstein predominating breed in world dairy industry is also highly populated cultured breed in Turkey. Brown Swiss and Simmental were following Holstein population in Turkey.

Milk yields Considiring milk yields, there areimportant differences between regions, provinces and farms as well as differences between genotypes.

Average milk yields of dairy cattle registered in national herd book is about 6 tons. There are farms average milk yields of cows are 2-3 tons as well as average milk yields of some farms per cow 11 tons too.

Milk yield of farms registered in breeding dairy cattle assosiation in Turkey Holstein

Calving year

200 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Number of lactation

14739 23819 33728 55209 83610 119003 191017 258068 216707 5632

Lactation milk yield, Kg/305 days

6079 5986 5820 5790 5784 5817 5873 5837 5810 5239

Manure management Manure production in dairy cattle is always surplus and it is very difficult to handle it.

Above all most of dairy cattle farms in rural area in Turkey has no manure storage and maintenance facility.

For many farms in rural area common practice of handling manure is to take manure out from barn and keep it nearby some time and after that to move away.

Environmental management Institutional responsibility in waste management was shared between Ministry of Environment and Urban and Ministry of Food Agriculture Livestock in Turkey.

According to «Environment impact assesment regulations» 0/6/2011-27980 Supervision of environmental ipmpact assesment of enterprises having production capasity of >5000 head large ruminants and 50 tons milk production capacity/ per day would be done by commissions

• • • • Three way aproach should be accepted to improve environmental management level according to Turkish and International standarts; 1-awareness raising 2- establishment of incentive 3- and identification of legal frame