Situation Analysis: Using Conceptual Models to Develop a Common Understanding of Your Project

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Transcript Situation Analysis: Using Conceptual Models to Develop a Common Understanding of Your Project

Situation Analysis
Using Conceptual Models to Develop a
Common Understanding of Your Project
** Draft Presentation for Testing Purposes **
Version: 18 December 2002
This presentation is based on materials that were initially developed by Foundations of
Success and The Nature Conservancy and then modified through joint work.
© 2002 Foundations of Success and The Nature Conservancy
The Enhanced Five-S Framework
Systems
• Focal Targets
• Rigorous Viability
Stresses & Sources
• Critical Threats
• Situation Analysis
Implement & Monitor
Analyze & Communicate
Adapt and Learn
Success
• Indicators & Monitoring
• Summary Measures
Strategies
• Goal & Objectives
• Strategic Actions & Tasks
Why Do We Need a Common
Understanding of Our Project?
Members of a project team have:
 Potentially different goals and objectives
 Lack of understanding of characteristics of targets
 Varying assumptions about what affects targets
 Varying knowledge about leverage opportunities
 Inconsistent use of terms
What Did We Do Before?
The current “Five-S Approach” helps practitioners to
assess the situation at the site. In particular, it:
 Specifies stresses that affect targets
 Identifies sources of stress
Why are Improvements Needed?
The current “Five-S” system does not consistently:
 Specify assumptions regarding chains of factors
affecting targets
 Identify the ultimate threats driving the system
 Present a simple yet comprehensive picture of the
situation at the project site that can be shared
with partners
Situation Analysis
a.
Identify threats and other factors affecting targets.
b.
Link targets, threats, and other factors in a chain
of causation and/or conceptual model.
c.
Prioritize the threats you will address.
What is a Conceptual Model?
A diagram of a set of relationships between certain
factors and the targets. A good conceptual model:
1. Presents a picture of the situation at the project site
2. Shows assumed linkages between factors
3. Shows both direct and indirect threats
4. Presents only relevant factors
5. Is based on sound information
6. Results from a team effort
Biodiversity in
Conservation Area
1. Presents a Picture of the Situation
at the Project Site
Consrv
Target
Action
Factor
Relationship
Initial Conceptual Model:
Consrv
Target
Consrv
Target
Biodiversity in
Conservation Area
Situation at Site Prior to the Project
Initial Conceptual Model:
Situation at Site Prior to the Project
Factor
Factor
Factor
Factor
Consrv
Target
Consrv
Target
Factor
Biodiversity in
Conservation Area
Factor
Project Conceptual Model:
How Project Will Change Situation
Action
Threat Obj
Factor
Factor
Consrv
Target
Viability Obj
Action
Threat Obj
Goal
Factor
Factor
Biodiversity in
Conservation Area
Factor
Consrv
Target
Factor
Viability Obj
2. Shows Assumed Linkages
Between Factors
A Conceptual Model shows how you assume
factors relate to one another. For example:
Deforestation
leads Erosion leads
to
to
& Runoff
Siltation
leads
to
Reef
Damage
leads
to
Coral Reef
at Our Site
3. Shows Major Direct
and Indirect Threats
Direct Threats = Factors that immediately
impact the target condition.
- Anchor damage
- Sedimentation
Indirect Threats = Factors that underlie or lead
to the direct threats.
- Need for cash
- Economic crises
4. Presents Only Relevant Factors
(Modeling is both a Science and an Art)
4. Presents Only Relevant Factors
(Modeling is both a Science and an Art)
Deforestation
Excess
Rainfall
Climate
Patterns
leads Erosion leads
to
to
& Runoff
Siltation
Sunspots
leads
to
Reef
Damage
leads
to
Coral Reef
at Our Site
4. Presents Only Relevant Factors
(Modeling is both a Science and an Art)
Excess
Rainfall
Climate
Patterns
Deforestation
leads Erosion leads
to
to
& Runoff
Siltation
World
Timber
Prices
USA
Timber
Demand
California
Housing
Starts
Sunspots
leads
to
Reef
Damage
Success
of Movie
Business
leads
to
Coral Reef
at Our Site
Emergence
of New Sex
Symbols
5. Is Based on Sound Information
Existing Info = Data that have already been
collected for some other purpose
than designing and monitoring
your project
Primary Info = Data that you specifically collect
while designing and monitoring
your project
6. Results from a Team Effort
An Example of a Conceptual Model
Cosumnes River Watershed Biodiversity
An Example of a Conceptual Model
An Example of a Conceptual Model
Upper
Floodplain
Chinook
Salmon
Lower
Floodplain
Riparian
Forest
Gr. Sandhill
Crane
Swainson's
Hawk
Chinook
Salmon
Cosumnes River Watershed Biodiversity
Upper
Watershed
Native
Aquatic spp
An Example of a Conceptual Model
Upper
Floodplain
Chinook
Salmon
Lower
Floodplain
Riparian
Forest
Gr. Sandhill
Crane
Swainson's
Hawk
Chinook
Salmon
Cosumnes River Watershed Biodiversity
Upper
Watershed
Native
Aquatic spp
An Example of a Conceptual Model
Forestry
Siltation
Water levels
in river
Natural flooding cycle
from river to floodplain
Upper
Watershed
Native
Aquatic spp
Upper
Floodplain
Chinook
Salmon
Lower
Floodplain
Riparian
Forest
Gr. Sandhill
Crane
Conversion to
agriculture
Exotic
Species
Swainson's
Hawk
Chinook
Salmon
Cosumnes River Watershed Biodiversity
Fire supression
An Example of a Conceptual Model
Forestry
Siltation
Surface water
diversions
Water levels
in river
Water table
levels
Natural flooding cycle
from river to floodplain
Upper
Watershed
Native
Aquatic spp
Upper
Floodplain
Chinook
Salmon
Lower
Floodplain
Riparian
Forest
Gr. Sandhill
Crane
Conversion to
agriculture
Exotic
Species
Swainson's
Hawk
Chinook
Salmon
Cosumnes River Watershed Biodiversity
Fire supression
An Example of a Conceptual Model
Forestry
Siltation
Overappropriation
of surface water
Surface water
diversions
Water levels
in river
Groundwater
pumping
Water table
levels
Natural flooding cycle
from river to floodplain
Upper
Watershed
Native
Aquatic spp
Upper
Floodplain
Chinook
Salmon
Lower
Floodplain
Riparian
Forest
Gr. Sandhill
Crane
Conversion to
agriculture
Exotic
Species
Swainson's
Hawk
Chinook
Salmon
Cosumnes River Watershed Biodiversity
Fire supression
An Example of a Conceptual Model
Forestry
Siltation
Overappropriation
of surface water
Surface water
diversions
Demand for
water
Water levels
in river
Groundwater
pumping
Water table
levels
Natural flooding cycle
from river to floodplain
Upper
Watershed
Native
Aquatic spp
Upper
Floodplain
Chinook
Salmon
Lower
Floodplain
Riparian
Forest
Gr. Sandhill
Crane
Conversion to
agriculture
Exotic
Species
Swainson's
Hawk
Chinook
Salmon
Cosumnes River Watershed Biodiversity
Fire supression
An Example of a Conceptual Model
Forestry
Siltation
Agricultural
practices
Overappropriation
of surface water
Surface water
diversions
Demand for
water
Housing
developments
Water levels
in river
Groundwater
pumping
Water table
levels
Natural flooding cycle
from river to floodplain
Upper
Watershed
Native
Aquatic spp
Upper
Floodplain
Chinook
Salmon
Lower
Floodplain
Riparian
Forest
Gr. Sandhill
Crane
Conversion to
agriculture
Exotic
Species
Swainson's
Hawk
Chinook
Salmon
Cosumnes River Watershed Biodiversity
Fire supression
An Example of a Conceptual Model
Altered fire regime
Forestry
Logging practices
Agricultural
practices
Overappropriation
of surface water
Siltation
Surface water
diversions
Demand for
water
Housing
developments
Water levels
in river
Groundwater
pumping
Water table
levels
Natural flooding cycle
from river to floodplain
Upper
Watershed
Native
Aquatic spp
Upper
Floodplain
Chinook
Salmon
Lower
Floodplain
Riparian
Forest
Gr. Sandhill
Crane
Conversion to
agriculture
Exotic
Species
Swainson's
Hawk
Chinook
Salmon
Cosumnes River Watershed Biodiversity
Fire supression
An Example of a Conceptual Model
Altered fire regime
Forestry
Logging practices
Siltation
Upper
Watershed
Native
Aquatic spp
Precipitation
Agricultural
practices
Overappropriation
of surface water
Surface water
diversions
Demand for
water
Water levels
in river
Groundwater
pumping
Housing
developments
“Enlightened”
agency policy
Water table
levels
Levees (stream
channelization)
Natural flooding cycle
from river to floodplain
Upper
Floodplain
Chinook
Salmon
Lower
Floodplain
Riparian
Forest
Gr. Sandhill
Crane
Conversion to
agriculture
Exotic
Species
Swainson's
Hawk
Chinook
Salmon
Cosumnes River Watershed Biodiversity
Fire supression
An Example of a Conceptual Model
Altered fire regime
Forestry
Logging practices
Siltation
Upper
Watershed
Native
Aquatic spp
Precipitation
Agricultural
practices
Overappropriation
of surface water
Surface water
diversions
Demand for
water
Water levels
in river
Groundwater
pumping
Housing
developments
“Enlightened”
agency policy
Water table
levels
Levees (stream
channelization)
Conversion to
agriculture
Natural flooding cycle
from river to floodplain
Upper
Floodplain
Chinook
Salmon
Lower
Floodplain
Riparian
Forest
Cowbirds
Gr. Sandhill
Crane
Rats
Swainson's
Hawk
Bullfrogs
Chinook
Salmon
Cosumnes River Watershed Biodiversity
Fire supression
The Model in “Five-S” Terminology
Altered fire regime
Forestry
Logging practices
Siltation
Upper
Watershed
Native
Aquatic spp
Precipitation
Agricultural
practices
Overappropriation
of surface water
Surface water
diversions
Demand for
water
Water levels
in river
Groundwater
pumping
Housing
developments
“Enlightened”
agency policy
Water table
levels
Levees (stream
channelization)
Conversion to
agriculture
Natural flooding cycle
from river to floodplain
Upper
Floodplain
Chinook
Salmon
Lower
Floodplain
Riparian
Forest
Cowbirds
Gr. Sandhill
Crane
Rats
Swainson's
Hawk
Bullfrogs
Chinook
Salmon
Cosumnes River Watershed Biodiversity
Fire supression
Initial Conceptual Model:
Situation at Site Prior to the Project
Altered fire regime
Forestry
Logging practices
Siltation
Upper
Watershed
Native
Aquatic spp
Precipitation
Agricultural
practices
Overappropriation
of surface water
Surface water
diversions
Demand for
water
Water levels
in river
Groundwater
pumping
Housing
developments
“Enlightened”
agency policy
Water table
levels
Levees (stream
channelization)
Conversion to
agriculture
Natural flooding cycle
from river to floodplain
Upper
Floodplain
Chinook
Salmon
Lower
Floodplain
Riparian
Forest
Cowbirds
Gr. Sandhill
Crane
Rats
Swainson's
Hawk
Bullfrogs
Native
Amphibians
Cosumnes River Watershed Biodiversity
Fire supression
Project Conceptual Model:
How Project Will Change Situation
Lobby state govt
for incentives for
low water crops
Fire supression
Altered fire regime
Forestry
Logging practices
Siltation
Upper
Watershed
Native
Aquatic spp
Precipitation
Agricultural
practices
Overappropriation
of surface water
Surface water
diversions
Demand for
water
Water levels
in river
Groundwater
pumping
Housing
developments
Breach
levees
Water table
levels
Obj 3
Natural flooding cycle
from river to floodplain
Obj 4a
Promote water
saving practices
Lobby local govt
to limit water use
“Enlightened”
agency policy
Levees (stream
channelization)
Purchase
land
Obj 2
Obtain
easements
Upper
Floodplain
Chinook
Salmon
Conversion to
agriculture
Remove
egg masses
Obj 1
Lower
Floodplain
Riparian
Forest
Cowbirds
Gr. Sandhill
Crane
Rats
Swainson's
Hawk
Bullfrogs
Chinook
Salmon
Cosumnes River Watershed Biodiversity
Obj 4b
The Enhanced Five-S Framework for
Measuring Conservation Impact
Systems
• Focal Targets
• Rigorous Viability
Stresses & Sources
• Critical Threats
• Situation Analysis
Implement & Monitor
Analyze & Communicate
Adapt and Learn
Success
• Indicators & Monitoring
• Summary Measures
Strategies
• Goal & Objectives
• Strategic Actions & Tasks
Initial Conceptual Model
Altered fire regime
Forestry
Logging practices
Siltation
Upper
Watershed
Native
Aquatic spp
Precipitation
Agricultural
practices
Overappropriation
of surface water
Surface water
diversions
Demand for
water
Water levels
in river
Groundwater
pumping
Housing
developments
“Enlightened”
agency policy
Water table
levels
Levees (stream
channelization)
Conversion to
agriculture
Natural flooding cycle
from river to floodplain
Upper
Floodplain
Chinook
Salmon
Lower
Floodplain
Riparian
Forest
Cowbirds
Gr. Sandhill
Crane
Rats
Swainson's
Hawk
Bullfrogs
Native
Amphibians
Cosumnes River Watershed Biodiversity
Fire supression
Conceptual Model Break-Out Session
For your project site:

Identify major factors affecting targets

Build an “initial conceptual model”