Transcript Respiratory Diseases and Disorders

Respiratory System & Diseases
Influenza
Rhinopneumonitis
Strangles
Topic: 3184C & 3189C
By: Anna Fields
Overview of the Respiratory
System
 Function: exchange mechanism by which the
body takes in oxygen and releases carbon
dioxide
http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/horse/index
Parts of the Respiratory System
(A) Buccal cavity
(B) Nasal Cavity (open to pharynx)
(C) Inferior maxillary sinus
(D) Superior maxillary sinus
(E) Frontal sinuses
(F) Guttural pouch
(G) Pharynx
(H) Trachea
(I) Bronchus
(J) Alveolus
(K) Lungs
(L) Larynx
http://www.websouthwest.co.uk/ponyclub/
pages/respiratory_2.htm
Parts of the Respiratory System
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http://library.thinkquest.org/2935/
Natures_Best/Nat_Best_Low_Leve
l/Respiratory_page.L.html
Nostrils
Nasal cavity
Sinuses within the skull
Pharynx: back of the mouth
Larynx: voice box
http://www.biolog
y4kids.com/files/s
Trachea: windpipe
ystems_respiratory
.html
Bronchi: the branches of the trachea
going into the lungs
 Lungs
 Alveoli: air sacs in lungs where gas exchange occurs
Preventing Contagious
Diseases
 Separate horses by age groups.
 Performance horses should not be nose-to-nose with
other horses.
 New additions to the herd
must pass through a short
quarantine phase before
being introduced to the herd.
 Vaccination is essential
 Do not share buckets,
brushes, bits etc.
http://www.equinestrangles.co.uk/Control.asp
Influenza
 Upper respiratory virus with symptoms
similar to a human flu
 Horses usually recover within 2-3 weeks
http://www.vet.uga.edu/VPP/FAD/Horse/Horse.htm
Influenza Transmission
 Passed from horse to horse (contagious)
 Virus transmitted in
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Mucus
Direct contact or indirect contact with
infected material within 36 hours
Saliva
Water vapor droplets
 Incubation period: 1-5 days
Influenza Signs
 Fever 102°F or more
 Nasal discharge
 Dry, hacking cough
 Loss of appetite
 Reduced energy
Influenza Preventative
Measures
 Vaccinate every 3 months
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Intramuscular
Intranasal
http://www.fluavert.com/otherproducts.html
 General contagious disease preventative
measures
Rhinopneumonitis
 Upper respiratory herpes virus with
symptoms similar to influenza
 3 subtype herpes viruses
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respiratory symptoms and causes pregnant mares to abort
foals (EHV-1)
just respiratory symptoms (EHV-2)
respiratory and neurological symptoms (EHV-3)
 Most common EHV-1 (abortive)
 Usually recover within a week from EHV-1
Rhinopneumonitis
Transmission
 Contagious
 Virus transmitted in
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Mucus
Saliva
Water vapor droplets
 Incubation period: 2-10 days
Rhinopneumonitis Signs
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Fever 102-107°F
Watery nasal discharge
Dry, hacking cough
Loss of appetite
Reduced energy
Abortion of fetus in 3rd trimester
Occasionally neurological signs will occur
including: mild incoordination, paralysis of the rear
legs or complete recumbency.
Rhinopneumonitis Preventative
Measures
 Vaccinate every 3 months
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Intramuscular
http://www.fluavert.com/otherproducts.html
 Vaccinate mares in their 5th, 7th, and 9th
months of pregnancy
 Same general preventative measures as
Influenza
Influenza vs. Rhino
Influenza
 Shorter incubation period
 Longer recovery period
 Given both IM &
intranasal
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Rhino
Can causes abortions
Usually higher fever
Usually more watery
nasal discharge
May have neurological
signs
Strangles
 Upper respiratory disease caused
by the bacteria Streptococcus equi
 Often causes swollen lymph nodes
under the jaw and purulent nasal
discharge
 More common in young horses
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Once exposed horses usually are
immune
http://www.equinestrangles.co.uk/About_Strangles.asp
Strangles Transmission
 Extremely contagious
 Bacteria transmitted in
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Mucus
Discharging pus
Can easily travel on clothing
and other material
 Incubation period: 4-14 days
http://www.equinestrangles.co.uk/The_Disease.asp
Strangles Signs
 Fever up to 106°F
 Purulent nasal discharge (yellowish)
 Swollen lymph nodes that may have
pus drainage
 Difficulty swallowing
 Cough
 Loss of appetite
 Reduced energy for up to 3 months
 Depression
http://www.equine
-strangles.co.uk/
Strangles Preventative
Measures
 Vaccinate annually
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Intramuscular
Intranasal
http://www.fluavert.com/otherproducts.html
 General contagious disease prevention
 Extremely contagious—extreme caution is
necessary