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Crossover Operation with Different Parents Crossover Operation with Identical Parents Mutation Time = 0 Time = 10 sec Time = 2 min Time = 3.5 min Models of Evaluation and Learning • Lamarckian Evolution – Evolution over many generations was directly influenced by the experiences of a individual organisms during their lifetime. – Current scientific evidence contradicts it. – For current computer study, it sometimes improves the effectiveness of GAs. • Baldwin Effect – If a species is evolving in a changing environment, there will be evolutionary pressure to favor individuals with the capability to learn during their lifetime. – It increases survivability and genetic diversity of the species. • Parallelizing Genetic Algorithms – GAs are naturally suited to parallel implementation. – Coarse grain – Fine grain