Transcript PowerPoint

Residential Segregation and Diversity
in California
Juan Onésimo Sandoval
Northwestern University
Hans P. Johnson
PPIC
Sonya M. Tafoya
PPIC
Census 2000
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Outline
 Motivation for study
 Research Questions and Design
 Empirical Findings
 Summary
 Directions for Future Research
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Motivation for Study
 What is segregation?
 Choice of an index
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Research Question
 How diverse are California neighborhoods?
 How stable are diverse neighborhoods?
 How did the growing Latino and Asian
populations impact neighborhood diversity
or segregation?
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Research Design
 Definition of Neighborhood
 Racial Categories
 Diversity Index
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Diversity Index
K
H
i
(log( P(i )) * P(i )
 
* 100
(log k )
i 1
where:
Hi= Diversity index for tract j
P(i)=Proportion of the tract population in race/ethnic group
k=the total number of racial/ethnic categories
Diversity score will range from 0=(Homogeneous) to 100=(Heterogeneous)
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California’s 2000 population diversity score was
“58”
Diverse – Greater Than 75
Somewhat Diverse – 75 to 60
Somewhat Segregated – 59 to 45
Segregated – Less than 45
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The percent of census tracts that were Latino
majority significantly increased
70
65
60
Percentage
52
50
40
1990
2000
30
23
21
17
20
13
10
4
2
1
3
0
White
Black
Latino
Asian
No
Majority
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The percent of segregated census tracts
declined from 1990 to 2000
50
43
45
Percentage
40
35
29
30
25
27
27
1990
2000
25
22
19
20
15
10
7
5
0
Diverse
Somewhat
Diverse
Somewhat
Segregated
Segregated
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White neighborhoods become more diverse
60
51
Percentage
50
40
29
30
31
31
1990
2000
25
20
17
10
5
1
0
Diverse
Somewhat
Diverse
Somewhat
Segregated
Segregated
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Latino neighborhoods tend to be somewhat
segregated or segregated
40
38
36
36
Percentage
35
30
30
30
25
25
1990
2000
20
15
10
5
4
1
0
Diverse
Somewhat
Diverse
Somewhat Segregated
Segregated
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One in five black neighborhoods were
segregated in 2000
45
40
40
35
Percentage
35
37
33
30
24
25
1990
2000
20
20
15
10
5
8
2
0
Diverse
Somewhat
Diverse
Somewhat
Segregated
Segregated
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Asian neighborhoods were diverse or somewhat
diverse in 2000
70
62
Percentage
60
50
39
40
39
1990
2000
30
22
20
15
12
10
7
4
0
Diverse
Somewhat
Diverse
Somewhat
Segregated
Segregated
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1990 racially diverse neighborhoods remained
diverse in 2000
2000 Level of Diversity/Segregation
1990 Level
of Diversity/
Segregation
Diverse
SW
Diverse
SW
Segregated
Segregated
Diverse
83%
17%
0%
0%
SW Diverse
46%
43%
10%
1%
SW
Segregated
12%
52%
29%
7%
Segregated
0%
8%
38%
54%
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Vallejo and Pittsburg had the highest
neighborhood diversity scores in 2000
86
85
85
85
84
83
83
82
82
81
81
81
80
80
80
79
79
78
Richmond
Union City
Moreno
Valley
Bellflower
Sacramento
Fairfield
San Leandro
Hayward
76
Pittsburg
77
Vallejo
Diversity Score
84
Census 2000
15
15
14
East LA
25
Huntington
Park
30
South Gate
33
FlorenceGrahm
34
Pico Rivera
35
Newport
Beach
39
Redding
40
Lynwood
41
Encinitas
45
Montebello
Diversity Score
East Los Angeles had lowest neighborhood
diversity score in 2000
38
32
27
20
20
12
10
5
0
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Rancho Cordova had the biggest change in the
diversity score that increased diversity
Difference in Diversity Score
30
25
25
22
22
21
20
20
20
20
15
10
5
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e
to
rv
Vi
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rd
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on
El
C
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La
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a
Le
an
dr
o
Sa
n
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io
ch
A
R
an
ch
o
Co
rd
ov
a
0
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South Gate had the biggest change in the
diversity score that increased segregation
0
FlorenceGraham
Pico Rivera
East Los
Angeles
Huntington
Park
Paramount
Baldwin
Park
South Gate
Diversity Score
-5
-10
-9
-9
-9
-10
-11
-11
-15
-20
-20
-25
Census 2000
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Neighborhoods in Los Angeles were the most
likely not to reflect the diversity of the city
25
Gap in Potential Diversity Score
23
20
19
18
17
15
15
10
5
0
Los Angeles
Oakland
San Diego
Carson
Redwood City
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Solano and Alameda County had the highest
neighobrhood diversity scores in 2000
2000 Entropy Score
1990 Entropy Score
Sonoma
Napa
Sonoma
Napa
Solano
Solano
Marin
Marin
Contra Costa
Contra Costa
San Francisc o
San Francisco
Alameda
Alameda
San Mateo
San Mateo
Santa C lara
Santa Clara
Diversity Score
0 - 10
11 - 20
21 - 30
31 - 40
41 - 50
51 - 60
61 - 70
71 - 80
81 - 90
N
W
S
Census 2000
E
20
Neighorhood diversity in the Centeral Valley increased
2000 Entropy Score
1990 Entropy Score
San Joaquin
San Joaquin
Stanislaus
Stanislaus
Merced
Merced
Madera
Fresno
Madera
Fresno
Tulare
Kings
Kings
Kern
Diversity Score
0 - 10
11 - 20
21 - 30
31 - 40
41 - 50
51 - 60
61 - 70
71 - 80
81 - 90
Tulare
Kern
N
W
E
S
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Neighborood diversity in Southern California increased
1990 Entropy Score
2000 Entropy Score
San Bernardino
Ventura
San Bernardino
Ventura
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
Orange
Riverside
San Diego
Diversity Score
0 - 10
11 - 20
21 - 30
31 - 40
41 - 50
51 - 60
61 - 70
71 - 80
81 - 90
Orange
Imperial
Riverside
San Diego
Imperial
N
W
S
Census 2000
E
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Sacramento had the highest neighborhood diversity
score for large cities in 2000
Lincoln
Auburn
Rocklin
Roseville
Citrus Heights
Granite Bay
Arden-Arcade
Sacramento
El Dorado Hills
Fair Oaks
Diversity Score
0 - 10
11 - 20
21 - 30
31 - 40
41 - 50
51 - 60
61 - 70
71 - 80
81 - 100
Rancho Cordova
Florin
Vineyard
N
W
Elk Grove
S
Census 2000
E
23
Bay Area suburbs had the highest
neighorhood diversity scores in 2000
Fairfield
Novato
Vallejo
Orinda
Concord
Pittsburg
Berkeley
Sausalito
Walnut Creek
San Francisco
Alameda
Pacifica
Livermore
Oakland
Places
Census Tracts
0 - 10
11 - 20
21 - 30
31 - 40
41 - 50
51 - 60
61 - 70
71 - 80
81 - 100
El Granada
Union City
Woodside
Portola Valley
San Jose
N
Saratoga
W
S
Census 2000
E
24
East Los Angeles had the lowest
neighborhood diversity score in 2000
Burbank
San Fernando
East Los Angeles
Monrovia
Beverly Hills
Los Angeles
Santa Monica
Florence-Graham
South Gate
Manhattan Beach
Redondo Beach
Places
Diversity Score
0 - 10
11 - 20
21 - 30
31 - 40
41 - 50
51 - 60
61 - 70
71 - 80
81 - 100
Rancho Palos Verdes
Long Beach
Santa Ana
N
W
E
S
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Newport Beach had one of the lowest
neighborhood diversity scores in 2000
Irwindale
Fontana
Ontario
San Bernardino
Calimesa
Moreno Valley
Santa Ana
Chino Hills
Riverside
Foothill Ranch
Newport Beach
Places
Diversity Score
0 - 10
11 - 20
21 - 30
31 - 40
41 - 50
51 - 60
61 - 70
71 - 80
81 - 100
Irvine
Laguna Beach
Mission Viejo
San Clemente
N
W
E
S
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Coastal neighborhoods had the lowest diversity scoers
in the San Diego metro area in 2000
Rainbow
Fallbrook
Bonsall
Valley Center
Oceanside
Escondido
Carlsbad
Ramona
Encinitas
San Diego Country Estates
Rancho Santa Fe
Fairbanks Ranch
Poway
La Mesa
San Diego
Places
Diversity Score
0 - 10
11 - 20
21 - 30
31 - 40
41 - 50
51 - 60
61 - 70
71 - 80
81 - 100
Alpine
Harbison Canyon
National City
Chula Vista
Jamul
N
Imperial Beach
W
S
Census 2000
E
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Summary
 California neighborhoods are becoming more
diverse.
 Diverse neighborhoods were stable.
 Neighborhoods in the Bay Area were the
most diverse in 2000
 Neighborhoods in Los Angeles were the least
diverse in 2000
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Directions for Future Research
 Compute an income diversity index
 Analyze other dimensions of segregation
 Extend this analysis to other states
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