Transcript 996 ACID BASE

ACIDS AND BASES 996
ARRHENIOUS ACIDS AND BASES
• AN ARRHENIOUS ACID RELEASES H+ AS
THE ONLY CATION.
• AN ARRHENIOUS BASE RELEASES OHAS THE ONLY NEGATIVE ION.
• APPLIES TO REACTIONS IN AQUIOUS
SOLUTIONS.
EXAMPLE ACIDS
• HCl
H+ + Cl-
ARRHENIOUS ACIDS AND BASES
• HCl
• HNO3
• H3PO4
H+ + ClH+ + NO33 H+ + PO43-
ARRHENIOUS BASES
• NaOH
• Mg(OH)2
OH- + Na+
2OH- + Mg+2
ARRHENIOUS ACIDS AND BASES
• CONJUGATE PAIRS…AN ACID THAT IS A
REACTANT IS A BASE AS APRODUCT.
PROTON (HYDROGEN)
DONOR
ACID
PROTON
ACCEPTOR
BASE
PROTON
(HYDROGEN)
DONOR
PROTON
ACCEPTOR
BASE
PROTON (HYDROGEN)
ACCEPTOR.
CONJUGATE BASE
PROTON DONOR
CONJUGATE
ACID
PROTON
(HYDROGEN)
ACCEPTOR
PROTON
DONOR
CONJUGATE
ACID
ARRHENIOUS ACIDS AND BASES
• CONJUGATE PAIRS…A BASE THAT IS A
REACTANT IS AN ACID AS APRODUCT.
PROTON (HYDROGEN)
DONOR
ACID
PROTON
ACCEPTOR
BASE
PROTON
(HYDROGEN)
DONOR
PROTON
ACCEPTOR
BASE
PROTON (HYDROGEN)
ACCEPTOR.
CONJUGATE BASE
PROTON DONOR
CONJUGATE
ACID
PROTON
(HYDROGEN)
ACCEPTOR
PROTON
DONOR
CONJUGATE
ACID
BRONSTED ACIDS AND BASES
• A BRONSTED ACID IS A PROTON
DONOR
• A BRONSTED BASE IS A PROTON
ACCEPTOR.
• APPLIES TO REACTIONS IN ALL
PHASES.
THE pH SCALE.(note [H+] = [H3O+])
•
THE pH IS LOGARYTHMIC, EACH CHANGE OF pH IS TENFOLD DIFFERENT (10x)
THAN THE CONCENTRATION OF H+ COMPARED TO THE pH VALUE that is before
or after it:
•
Ex: a pH of 5 is ten times more acidic than a pH of 6.
•
Ex: a pH of 5 is 10x less acidic than a pH of 4.
ACIDIC: [H+ ]> [OH- ]
NEUTRAL
AS [H+] INCREASES, pH DROPS
H+ = OH-AL
1
2
pPHENOLPHTHALEIN
BROMTHYMOL BLUE
LITMUS
pLITMUS
3
4
5
6
7
BASIC:
[H+ ]< [OH- ]
AS [H+ ] DECREASES, pH INCREASES
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10
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