Lesson 5 - Rational Zero Test and Complex Numbers
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Transcript Lesson 5 - Rational Zero Test and Complex Numbers
f ( x) 4 x 4 11x 2 6
Solve by Factoring:
4 x
2
3 x 2
2
4x2 3
3
x
4
2
3
x
2
x 2
2
x 2
Solve by completing the Square:
f ( x) 3x 6 x 1
2
1 3x 2 6 x
1 3 x2 2x
1 3 3 x2 2x 1
4 3 x 1
2
x 12 4
3
x 12
2 3
x 1
3
2 3
x 1
3
4
3
Rational Root Test
Remainder Theorem
Remainder = f(k)
Example: 3 x 3 2 x 2 5 x 5 x 2
2 3 2 5 5
6 8 26
3 4 13 31
f(2)= 32 22 52 5
38 24 10 5
24 8 10 5
31
3
2
Find the remainder:
8x
3
2 x 5x 4 x 2
2
f 2 8 2 2 2 5 2 4
3
2
8 8 24 10 4
64 8 10 4
86
Therefore, x = -2 is NOT a root!
Factor
Theorem
Factor Theorem
f(x) has a factor (x-k) iff f(k)=0.
Rational Zero Test
If f(x)=anxn + an-1xn-1 +… + a1x + a0
Then the possible rational roots are
factors of last term
factors of first term
Factors of the last term (a0) over the factors of the
first term (an)
Example f x 3x 2 x 5
3
2
1, 3
1 5
Possible : 1, 5, ,
3 3
1, 5
Find all real roots:
f ( x) x 3 x 2 x 1
1
Possible :
1
1
1 1 1 1 1
1
1
0 1
0 1 0
x 1 x 2 1
x 1x 1x 1
Mult. of 2
Touches.
x 1 x 1
Goes Through
x
y
0
1
Find all real roots:
f ( x) 2 x 3 3x 2 8 x 3
f ( x) 2 x 3 3x 2 8 x 3
Find all real roots:
Possible :
1, 3
1
3
1, 3, ,
1, 2
2
2
1 2 3 8
2
2
3
5 3
5 3
0
x 1 2 x 2 5 x 3
x 12 x 11x 3
x 1 x
2
, x 3
x
y
0
3
Goes Through ALL
Find all real roots:
Possible :
f ( x) x 4 5 x 3 5 x 2 5 x 6
1, 2, 3, 6
1, 2, 3, 6
1
1 1 5 5 5 6
1
1
6
11
1 6 11
6
6
1 5 6
0
1 5 6
x 1x 6 x 11x 6
x 1x 1x 2 5 x 6
x 1x 1x 2x 3
3
2
All Go Through
x
y
0
-6
x 1 x 1 x 2 x 3
Find all real roots:
f ( x) x 4 x 3 x 2 3x 6
Find all real roots:
Do NOT Graph.
Possible :
f ( x) x 4 x 3 x 2 3x 6
1, 2, 3, 6
1, 2, 3, 6
1
11 1 1 3 6
1 2
3
1 2 3
2
6
x 1 x 2 x 3
2
6
0
2 0 6
1
0
3
x 1x3 2 x 2 3x 6
x 1x 2x 2 3
NOT Real!
Find all real roots:
Do NOT Graph.
f ( x) x5 3x 4 5x3 15x 2 4 x 12
Possible :
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
1
1 3 5 15 4 12
1
1 4 1 16 12
1 4 1 16 12 0
1
1 3
4 12
1 3 4 12 0
22 10 12
1 5 6 0
x 1x 4 4 x3 x 2 16 x 12
x 1x 1x3 3x 2 4 x 12
x 1x 1x 2x 2 5 x 6
x 1x 1x 2x 2x 3
x 1 x 1 x 2 x 2 x 3
Find all real roots:
f ( x) 2 x3 3x 2 11x 6
Find all real roots:
f ( x) 2 x3 3x 2 11x 6
Complex Numbers
Imaginary Unit (i) =
1
Complex Numbers:
Consists of a real number plus an imaginary
number
Looks like: a + bi
Can also be called an imaginary number
If a = 0, then it’s a pure imaginary number
Simplify:
7
1 7
i 7
4
1 4
2i
Simplify:
3 6
i 3 i 6
i
2
i 6 i 8
i
18
1
6 8
9 2
3 2
2
48
1
16 3
4 3
Simplify:
6i i 2
6i 1
6i 1
1 6i
5 2i 3 8i
8 10i
Simplify:
2i 3 5i
6i 10i
6i 10 1
6i 10
10 6i
2
7 3i 2 9i
5 6i
Simplify:
3 4i 2 7i
6 21i 8i 28i
6 13i 28 1
34 13i
3 2i 3 2i
2
9 4i
9 4 1
94
13
2
Simplify:
3 2i 4 i
12 3i 8i 2i
12 5i 2 1
14 5i
3 2i
2
2
3 2i 3 2i
9 12i 4i
9 12i 4 1
5 12i
2
Simplify:
3 2i
4i
3 2i 4 i
4i 4i
12 3i 8i 2i 2
16 i 2
12 11i 2 1
16 1
10 11i
17
6i
1 2i
6 i 1 2i
1 2i 1 2i
6 12i i 2i 2
1 4i 2
6 13i 2 1
1 4 1
4 13i
5