Transcript MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING

MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING
TYPES OF TRACKING
Panel tracking
keeping the panels very close to 90 degrees angle for maximum
sunlight. These typically give you about a 15% increase in winter
and up to a 40% increase in summer .
Maximum power point tracking
It figures out what is the absolute best power that the panel can
put out.
typically get a 30 to 45% power gain in winter and 10-20% in
summer.
SOLAR CELL CHARACTERISTICS (T)
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Changing temperature effect
on (current-volt) curve
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Changing temperature effect
on (power-volt) curve
SOLAR CELL CHARACTERISTICS (S)
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Changing irradiation effect
on (current-volt) curve
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Changing irradiation effect
on (current-volt) curve
DAILY SOLAR IRRADIATION DIAGRAM
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Cloudy day
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Sunny day
MPPT METHODS
Constant voltage method .
Short –current pulse method .
Open voltage method .
Perturb and observe method .
Incremental conductance method .
Temperature method .
SHORT CURRENT PULSE METHOD
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The optimum operating current (Iop)
for maximum output power is
proportional to the short-circuit
current ISC under various conditions
of irradiance level (S).
(Iop) can be determined
instantaneously by detecting (ISC) .
(Iop) proportional to (Isc) from
temperature ( 0 to 60 ̊c ).
The proportional parameter is
estimated to be approximately 92%.
OPEN VOLTAGE METHOD
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The voltage of the maximum power point
is always close to a fixed percentage of
the open-circuit voltage.
Temperature and solar insulation levels
change the position of the maximum
power point within a 2% tolerance band.
The optimum operating voltage Vop can
be obtained at 76% of the open-circuit
voltage Vov .
PERTURB AND OBSERVE METHOD
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Perturbing the array terminal
voltage or current and comparing
the PV output power with that of the
previous perturbation cycle .
If the PV array operating voltage
changes and power increases
(dP/dVPV>0), the control system
moves the PV array operating point
in that direction; otherwise the
operating point is moved in the
opposite direction.
PERTURB AND OBSERVE METHOD
Disadvantages
 In constant or slowly-varying
atmospheric conditions the
output power oscillates around
the maximum, resulting in power
loss in the PV system .
 under rapidly changing
atmospheric conditions P&O
methods can fail to find MPP .
INCREMENTAL CONDUCTANCE METHOD
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Second type use (CV) method when (s) lower
than 30%of nominal irradiance level .
TEMPERATURE METHOD
From experimental result we found that
Temperature gradient (TG)
Use the temperature (T) to
determine the open-circuit
voltage VOV from the first
equation. The MPP voltage
VMPP is then determined as in
the OV technique, avoiding
power losses.
Temperature parametric (TP)
adopts second equation and
determines the MPP voltage
instantaneously by measuring T
and S.
(STC) standard test condition
METHODS COMPARISON (MATCHING)
METHODS COMPARISON (COST)
METHODS COMPARISON (EFFICIENCY)
MPPT RESEARCHES INCREASES !!!
Oil available
2100
 The total PV conversion efficiency of
electric power generation is very low
(9:17%) .
Solar cell is expensive .
Oil is to be end .
Nuclear energy isn’t clean .
Total number of MPPT papers per
year, since 1968.
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
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…
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