Transcript Youth population and employment in the Middle East and North Africa: opportunity or challenge?

Un
Youth Population & Employment in
the Middle East & North Africa
PRESENTATION BY FARZANEH ROUDI OF THE POPULATION RERERENCE BUREAU
July 2011
POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU | www.prb.org
© 2010 Population Reference Bureau. All rights reserved. www.prb.org
Median Age in MENA Countries, 2010
Qatar
32
UAE
30
Bahrain
30
WORLD
29
Lebanon
29
Tunisia
29
Turkey
28
Kuwait
28
Iran
27
Morocco
26
Algeria
26
Saudi Arabia
26
Libya
26
Oman
25
Egypt
24
Syria
21
Jordan
21
Iraq
18
Palestine
18
Yemen
17
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
© 2010 Population Reference Bureau. All rights reserved. www.prb.org
Youth Population Growth in MENA
Ages 15 to 24, in million
88.1
92.7
44.6
1980
2010
2040
© 2010 Population Reference Bureau. All rights reserved. www.prb.org
MENA’s Population Age Distribution
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
65+
25-64
15-24
<15
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
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Youth as % of Working-Age Population, 2010
42
Yemen
Palestinian Territory
39
Jordan
37
Iraq
37
Syria
35
Oman
31
Egypt
31
Iran
31
Algeria
30
Morocco
30
WORLD
27
Tunisia
27
Libya
27
Saudi Arabia
27
Lebanon
26
Turkey
26
Kuwait
22
20
UAE
Bahrain
19
Qatar
17
0
10
20
30
40
50
© 2010 Population Reference Bureau. All rights reserved. www.prb.org
MENA’s Youth Bulge:
A Demographic Opportunity or Challenge?
© 2010 Population Reference Bureau. All rights reserved. www.prb.org
Unemployment Is a Youth Phenomenon

In Jordan in 2007, three-quarters of the
unemployed were below age 30.

In Egypt in 2006, well over 80 percent of
the unemployed were below age 30, and
82 percent of the unemployed had never
worked before.
© 2010 Population Reference Bureau. All rights reserved. www.prb.org
School-to-Work Transition in Tunisia

30% of university graduates find
employment in 6 to 12 months from their
graduation.

39% and 24% are still unemployed 18
months and 3 years after their graduation,
respectively.
© 2010 Population Reference Bureau. All rights reserved. www.prb.org
2009 National Youth Survey in Egypt

70% of the unemployed said that they
were jobless because there was simply no
work available.

More than 40% thought personal
connections were more important than
personal skills in securing a job.
© 2010 Population Reference Bureau. All rights reserved. www.prb.org
Education Has Improved

Between 1980 and 2000, on average,
MENA countries spent 5 percent of their
GDP on education—higher than any other
developing region.

School enrollments have increased
remarkably at all levels of education—for
girls in particular.
© 2010 Population Reference Bureau. All rights reserved. www.prb.org
Countries Grouped by % of Their 15-to-24Year-Old-Females Who Are Literate
65% to 84 %
Egypt
Iraq
Morocco
Yemen
85% to 94%
Turkey
Syria
Algeria
95+%
Bahrain
Libya
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Palestinian Ter.
Qatar
Oman
UAE
Iran
Saudi Arabia
Tunisia
The data are for years from 2005 to 2008.
© 2010 Population Reference Bureau. All rights reserved. www.prb.org
Countries Grouped by Ratio of Number of Females
to 100 Males Enrolled in Secondary School
<90
Turkey (89)
Morocco (86)
Saudi Arabia (85)
Iraq (67)
Yemen (49)
90 to 99
Iran
Syria
Oman
Egypt
100+
Qatar
Libya
Lebanon
Algeria
Tunisia
Palestinian Ter.
Bahrain
Jordan
Kuwait
UAE
The data are for years from 2005 to 2008
© 2010 Population Reference Bureau. All rights reserved. www.prb.org
Countries Grouped by Ratio of Number of Females
to 100 Males Enrolled in Tertiary School
75>
Iraq (59)
Yemen (42)
75 to 90
Egypt
Morocco
Turkey
100+
Algeria
Bahrain
Iran
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Palestinian Ter.
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Tunisia
UAE
The data are for years from 2005 to 2008. No country falls between 90 and 99. No data available for Syria.
© 2010 Population Reference Bureau. All rights reserved. www.prb.org
Youth Unemployment Is The Highest in
MENA
Percent of labor force ages 15 to 24 in 2009
23
24
18
15
12
9
16
13
10
© 2010 Population Reference Bureau. All rights reserved. www.prb.org
Youth Labor Force Participation Is The Lowest
in MENA
Percent of youth ages 15 to 24 in 2009
59
58
52
52
51
50
47
38
36
© 2010 Population Reference Bureau. All rights reserved. www.prb.org
Youth Unemployment Rates by Sex
Percent of labor force ages 15 to 24
43
48
46
46
49
46
34
17
31
23
20
29
25 25
24
23
22
19
13
8
7
AE
U
y
rk
e
Tu
a
ni
si
Tu
ria
Sy
ia
Ar
ab
ar
Sa
ud
i
Q
at
oc
co
M
or
Jo
rd
a
n
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Ira
yp
t
Eg
Al
ge
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1
Male
Female
Data refer to 2009, except for Algeria and Tunisia, which are for 2004.
© 2010 Population Reference Bureau. All rights reserved. www.prb.org
Unemployment Rates by Sex and Education
Country
Percent of labor force ages 15 - 64
Male
Female
Primary Secondary Tertiary
Algeria 2004
65
21
7
Bahrain 2009
28
37
22
Iran 2004
52
30
13
Kuwait 2004
30
32
7
Morocco 2004
57
22
16
Saudi Arabia 2009
39
52
8
Tunisia 2004
45
37
6
Turkey 2009
60
24
9
UAE 2004
30
32
14
Primary Secondary Tertiary
33
30
33
22
39
33
18
45
36
7
51
19
37
25
32
4
32
65
37
34
14
33
39
24
10
45
40
© 2010 Population Reference Bureau. All rights reserved. www.prb.org
© 2010 Population Reference Bureau. All rights reserved. www.prb.org
Percent Change in the Number of Youth, 2010-2040
-41
Iran
-24
-27
Lebanon
-20
Tunisia
-16
Algeria
-13
-13
Morocco
-10
Turkey
Oman
UAE
Qatar
3
Libya
4
Bahrain
7
Jordan
10
Egypt
10
Syria
14
Saudi Arabia
22
Kuwait
30
Palestinian Territory
80
Yemen
87
Iraq
-50
107
0
50
100
150
© 2010 Population Reference Bureau. All rights reserved. www.prb.org