Abu

Bakr Siddiq

Al By: Hiba Masfaka, Aqsa Kanwal, Kinzah Fatima, Muhammad Khan, Zafir Kabbani, and Amir Hijawi

Abu Bakr:  First Caliph to rule in the Islamic Empire  Best missionary in Islam after the Prophet (SAW)  He was Caliph for 2 years  Expanded the least amount of Islam Umar:  One of the wealthiest and bravest Sahaba at the time  2 nd Caliph to rule over the Islamic Empire  Conquered Jerusalem and Damascus  Accomplishment Ali bin Talib:  Cousin and son in law of the Prophet (SAW)  Caliph for 5 years  Respected by Sunni’s and Shia’s  Last Caliph to rule in the Islamic Empire

625 The Battle of Uhud took place.

630 The Conquest of Makkah took place.

Timeline

632 Abu Bakr becomes Caliph.

644 Othman becomes Caliph.

629 The Battle of Khaybar took place.

630 The Battle of Tabuk took place.

634 Omar becomes Caliph.

656 Ali becomes Caliph.

Events

 Abu Bakr as a caliph: (632) - He was chosen as the prophet’s successor.

- Chosen by Ansars and Quraish.

 War - Islam vs. Rome - Many warriors  Came back from trip - Messenger of God

Rise and Fall

• • How Abu Bakr became caliph?

Why was his time as a caliph so short?

Abu Bakr Umar Uthman

Geography

Islam expanded all over Europe and Asia  Saudi Arabia  Iran   Iraq Libya  Egypt  Pakistan  Turkey  Afghanistan All of the Caliphs had spread Islam in some way. The Caliphs spread Islam north, south, east, and west.

Artifacts

All Caliphs wore turbans.

Islamic Calligraphy was very famous.

The Companions would fight with swords.

Fun Facts

1. First male to convert.

2. Prophets best friend.

3. Died same age as the Prophet.

4. Accompanied the prophet (s) during his migration.

5. Daughter married to Prophet.

6. Abu Bakr was the Muslim leader after the prophet.

7. First to compile the Quran in one book.

Quotes

• “ Have an earnestness for death and you will have life.”-Abu Bakr • “ He who aspires to paradise should learn to deal with people with kindness.”-Abu Bakr • “ Do not look down upon any Muslim, for even the most inferior believer is great in the eyes of god.”-Abu Bakr • “Be good to others who will protect you against evil.”-Abu Bakr

Al-Jazari

By: Aqsa Kanwal, Muhammad Khan, and Amir Hijawi

Background

• • • • • • • • • • He was a: Scholar Inventor Mechanical engineer Craftsman Artist Mathematician Astronomer Writer From Al-Jazira, Mesopotamia Best known for his book Real name: al-Shaykh Ra'is al-A`mal Badi`al-Zaman Abu al-'Izz ibn Isma`il ibn al-Razzaz al-Jazari

Inventions:

 Clocks  Camshaft  Crankshaft and crank-slider mechanism  Saqiya chain pumps  Water supply system  Drink serving waitress  Musical robot band  Peacock fountain with automated servant Crankshaft and crank-slider mechanism  Hand washing automaton with flush mechanism Castle clocks

Elephant Clock

• CULTURAL REALATIONS: • • • Indian Elephant Chinese serpents Arabian architecture Greek water technology Height: • 8.5 meters high

Comparing Clocks

No need for people to keep track of the clock! These clocks are automatically timed!

Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices

• Document about devices & tools.

• Written in 1206.

• Described many mechanical devices.

Ibn Al- Haythem

By: Hiba Masfaka, Kinzah Fatima, Zafir Kabbani

Background

• • • • Born: 965 CE Basra, Iraq Died: 1040 CE Cairo, Egypt Residence: - Basra, Iraq -Cairo, Egypt Jobs: - Physicist - Mathematician - Astronomer Full Name: Abu Ali Al-Hasan Ibn Al-Haythem

• Optical device • Pin hole camera • Reflection in mirror

The Obscura

Do you want to learn how to make an Obscura?

http://licm.org.uk/livingImage/CameraO bscura.html

Comparison

2011 Camera Obscura

Accomplishment

• • •

(Kitab Al-Manazir) seven-volume treatise Optics, physics, mathematics, anatomy, and psychology

The Book Of Optics

• • • • Talks about the vision of the eye Written in 1011 -1021 Important influence on the developments of optics Had many nicknames

Artifacts

“The Book Of Optics” Two pages of the book How the obscura works

Bibliography

Abu Bakr: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr http://www.sunnah.org/publication/khulafa_rashideen/caliph1.htm

http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/a/abu_bakr.html

AL Jazari: http://www.muslimheritage.com/topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=848 http://www.history-science-technology.com/Articles/articles%206.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Jazari Ibn Al Haythem: http://www.ibnalhaytham.net/ http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Haytham.html

http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0824826.html

Credits

• • Abu Bakr Big Books: Hiba Masfaka, Aqsa Kanwal, Kinzah Fatima, Zafir Kabbani, Muhammad Khan, and Amir Hijawi • Abu Bakr Power Point: Hiba Masfaka and Aqsa Kanwal Al Jazari Power Point: Aqsa Kanwal, Muhammad Khan, and Amir Hijawi • • • Ibn Al Haythem Power Point: Hiba Masfaka, Kinzah Fatima, and Zafir Kabbani Power Point Animations: Hiba Masfaka, and Kinzah Fatima • Banners: Kinzah Fatima, Hiba Masfaka, Aqsa Kanwal, Zafir Kabbani, Muhammad Khan, and Amir Hijawi Al Jazari Poster: Aqsa Kanwal, Muhammad Khan, and Amir Hijawi • • • Ibn Al Haythem Poster: Hiba Masfaka, Kinzah Fatima, and Zafir Kabbani • Abu Bakr Artifacts: Aqsa Kanwal and Hiba Masfaka Al Jazari Artifacts: Aqsa Kanwal, Muhammad Khan, and Amir Hijawi Ibn Al Haythem Artifacts: Hiba Masfaka, Kinzah Fatima, and Zafir Kabbani • Pictures: Hiba Masfaka, Kinzah Fatima, and Zafir Kabbani