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Slides
7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Environmental controlling
and the use of indicators
Slides
7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Elements of environmental controlling
Environmental policy
Environmental targets
Control
Organization
Mass and energy
balances
Documentation
Implementation
Information
Evaluation
Planning of
measures
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7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Start
Environmental
policy
Management
review
Continual
improvement!
Monitoring/
Corrective action
Planning
• Environmental aspects
• Legal/other requirements
• Objectives and targets
• Environmental
management programme
• Monitoring and measurement
• Nonconformance: corrective
and preventive action
• Records
• EMS audits
Implementation
• Structure and responsibility
• Training, awareness, competence
• Communication
• EMS documentation
• Document control
• Operational control
• Measures in case of
emergencies
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7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Controlling
A feedback system combines planning, reporting, status
analysis, deviation analysis and corrective measures
Planning
Corrective action
Status
Deviation analysis
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7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Input/output analysis
Consistent data
Illustrates efficiency
Evaluation criteria:
Quantities
Financial values
Environmental and toxicological properties
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7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Safe on the road?
Which indicators?
Slides
7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Healthy
or not?
Which indicators?
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7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Aims of indicators
Comparison of the actual to the
planned situation
Comparison of companies
Comparison of variations over a
period of time
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7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Development of a set of indicators
Mass balances and costs
Targets
Set of indicators
Targets:
reduction of material losses,
substitution, cost reduction,
environmental improvement,
data compression,
presentation, analysis,
control, decision making.
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7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Types of indicators
Absolute figures:
Basic
data (annual consumption, turnover)
Totals (total consumption of halogenated solvents)
Differences (expenses minus earnings)
Average values (half hour averages)
Related figures:
Relative
figures (solvent use per product unit)
Normalized figures (use of halogenated solvents over total
use of solvents)
Index figures (trends)
Systematically derived indicators:
Complex
methods for data aggregation
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7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Indicators – 1
Non-dimensional indicators
Efficiency,
yield (product per input)
Recycling quota
Material-related indicators
Cross
rate between different materials
Production-related indicators
Material
input per production unit
Waste per production unit
Plant-related indicators
Energy
consumption per hour
Energy consumption per m²
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7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Indicators – 2
Time-based indicators
Waste per shift
Water consumption per year
Employee-based indicators
Material consumption per employee (in offices)
Water consumption per employee
Emission-based indicators
Actual emissions vs. threshold values
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7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Definition of indicators
Which figures reflect the targets (of my
department) best?
Which figures are best suited to indicate
that these targets are not being met?
How are critical deviations best
measured?
What is the best way of showing who is
responsible for a critical deviation?
For which indicators is information easily
and inexpensively available?
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7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
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7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Example: “Chicken efficiency”
Is the ratio of sold fried
chicken to waste chicken
Is the indicator for waste
Is the most important
indicator in the
organization
Does it make sense??
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7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Difficulties in defining indicators
Two or more different products in changing quantities:
Weigh, choose a stable baseline
Changes in products or processes:
Indicators are only one tool
and have to be complemented by more information
Comparability between different companies:
Be careful: you have to know the context
Different data collection methods:
Standardize data collection
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7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Definition of targets
Targets could be:
Legal compliance
Best available practices and
technology
Minimization of costs
Continuous improvement
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7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Targets should be
Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Realistic
Time framed
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7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Reports
Frequency:
Standard reports
Reports on deviation
Reports on demand
Strictly adapted to the receiver
Use standardized structure
Include reference values for
comparisons
Use graphics
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7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Template for a short report
Indicators:
Absolute
consumption
Indicator
(Plan)
(Actual)
Raw materials …
Water
…
Energy
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
Topics/Problems:
Measures:
…
…
…
…
…
…
Deviation
…
…
…
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7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
We go where we are looking!
Slides
7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
If we know where we want to
go, we can take small steps!