Transcript Biodiversity and Sustainability Notes 2016.ppt

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Biodiversity and
Sustainability
Notes
life
different/ variation
Highlight this word
Biodiversity
The range of variation
(the amount of different living species) found
within an ecosystem.
– More species = more biodiversity
Lower Species Diversity
Higher Species Diversity
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How much biodiversity exists in the world?
Species Diversity vs. Genetic Diversity
• Species diversity:
different kinds of organisms
(Ex. deer, bird, rabbit)
• Genetic diversity:
different genes &
combinations of genes within
populations
(Ex. brown beetles vs. green beetles)
Number of organisms vs. number of species
An island with 2 bird species and 1 lizard species is
more diverse than an island with 3 bird species.
Biomes and
Biodiversity
Rainforest is the biome
with the most biodiversity.
50% of the worlds’ species are found
in the tropical rainforests.
Desert is the biome with
the least biodiversity.
Where is the biodiversity?
• Everywhere
– Every continent and habitat has
unique life forms however the
quantity of biodiversity differs
depending on abiotic factors
• Concentrated in the tropics
near the equator
– Central America: > 500 species
of breeding birds
– Arctic tundra: only 50-100
species
• Dense concentrations meaning
many of the same type of
species
• The greater the variety of species, the healthier the ecosystem.
Threats to Biodiversity:
Human Activity that leads to extinction
• Deforestation (destruction of habitats)
• Pollution
• Overhunting
Helpful Contributions
to Biodiversity
• Protecting organisms’
habitats
When change happens to an
animal’s habitat, they get…
Migrate (move elsewhere)
Adapt (change)
Die
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Threats to Biodiversity
• Habitat loss and destruction, usually as a direct result of
human activity and population growth. This is a major force
in the loss of species, populations, and ecosystems.
• Alterations in ecosystem composition, such as the loss or
decline of a species, can lead to a loss of biodiversity. For
example, efforts to eliminate coyotes in the canyons of
southern California are linked to decreases in song bird
populations in the area. As coyote populations were reduced,
the populations of their prey, primarily raccoons, increased.
Since raccoons eat bird eggs, fewer coyotes led to more
raccoons eating more eggs, resulting in fewer song birds.
(stimulus and response!)
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Threats to Biodiversity
• The introduction of exotic (non-native) species can disrupt
entire ecosystems and impact populations of native plants or
animals. These invaders can adversely affect native species by
eating them, infecting them, competing with them, or mating with
them. This is one reason why you have to go through Customs
when entering the country to ensure you aren’t bringing anything
that doesn’t belong into the country.
• The over-exploitation (over-hunting, over-fishing, or overcollecting) of a species or population can lead to its demise.
• Human-generated pollution and contamination (such as
pollution from factories and cars)
• Global climate change can alter environmental conditions.
Species and populations may be lost if they are unable to adapt to
new conditions or relocate.
Highlight this word
The ability to maintain life
(existence) over long periods
of time.
“To last a long time”
 External stress =
threats to biodiversity
Assignment:
Write a paragraph summary answering…
How are biodiversity and
sustainability related?
Include specific examples to support your response.