Transcript Chapter_8_Complete_PPT.ppt

Lesson 1
Stress in Your Life
How Does Stress Affect You?
How much stress you feel depends on your perception of
events that cause stress.
One way to manage stress is to change how you perceive
and react to events that cause it.
Lesson 1
Reacting to Stress
How Do You React to Stress?
Stress is not necessarily good or
bad, but it can have positive or
negative effects.
It can motivate you to do your
best.
It can give you the extra energy
you need to reach your goals.
It can also be unhealthy at
times.
Lesson 1
What Causes Stress?
Stressors
To learn how to manage stress, you need to know what causes it.
Five general categories of stressors:
1. Biological
2. Environmental
3. Cognitive, or thinking
4. Personal behavior
5. Life situation
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The Body’s Stress Response
How the Body Responds to Stress
When you perceive a situation to be a threat, your body
begins a stress response.
Two body systems, the nervous system and the endocrine
system, are active.
This response is largely involuntary, or automatic.
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The Body’s Stress Response
Stages of the Stress Response
Alarm
Alarm is the first stage in the
stress response.
During this reaction, your body
and mind go on high alert.
Resistance
This reaction is sometimes
referred to as the “fight-or-flight
response.”
Fatigue
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The Body’s Stress Response
Stages of the Stress Response
Alarm
Resistance
Your body adapts to the rush
created by alarm and reacts to the
stressor.
You “fight” or take “flight.”
Your body is briefly able to perform
at a higher level of endurance.
Fatigue
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The Body’s Stress Response
Stages of the Stress Response
Alarm
Fatigue may set in when exposure to
stress is prolonged. It may be:
Physical: When the muscles work
vigorously for long periods
Resistance
Fatigue
Psychological: Due to constant
worry, overwork, depression,
boredom, or isolation
Pathological: Brought on by
overworking the body’s defenses in
fighting disease
Lesson 1
Stress and Your Health
Physical Effects
Stress can lead to a psychosomatic response.
Some stress-related health problems:
Headache
Asthma
High blood pressure
Weakened immune system
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Stress and Your Health
Mental/Emotional and Social Effects
Stress can interfere with daily activities and relationships with
others. It may lead to:
Difficulty concentrating.
Mood swings.
Risks of substance abuse.
Lesson 1
Taking Control of Chronic Stress
Reactions to Chronic Stress
One type of prolonged stress is chronic stress. It lasts longer,
sometimes for months.
Some symptoms:
Upset stomach
Headache
Insomnia
Change in appetite
Feeling anxious
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Taking Control of Chronic Stress
Strategies for Controlling the Effects of Stress
Engage in physical activity.
Look for support among your
friends and family.
Find a hobby or activity that
relaxes you.
Avoid using tobacco, alcohol,
or other drugs.
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Managing Stress
How should you start dealing with stress?
To manage stress, identify your stressors. You then have a
better chance of controlling them.
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Identifying Personal Causes of Stress
Causes of Stress
The first step in stress management is to
identify the causes of stress:
Life events
Physical stressors
Daily hassles
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Avoiding Stress with Refusal Strategies
Using Refusal Skills to Avoid Stress
Demonstrating refusal strategies helps you avoid stressful
situations.
Walk away from a tense situation.
Say no when you see the possibility of stress, conflict, or
threat.
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Ways to Manage Stress
Stress-Management Techniques
Plan ahead.
Get enough sleep.
Engage in regular physical activity.
Eat nutritious food.
Avoid tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs.
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Ways to Manage Stress
Plan Ahead
A well-thought-out plan is a flexible map that
shows many ways of reaching your goal.
When you plan ahead:
You decide in advance what you want to
accomplish and what steps you’ll take.
You recognize where variations to your
plan may occur.
It better prepares you for unexpected
changes.
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Ways to Manage Stress
Get Adequate Sleep
Manage your time wisely so that you get enough rest each night.
This will help you:
Be in a better mood.
Think more clearly.
Look and feel better.
Improve your chances of
success.
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Ways to Manage Stress
Get Regular Physical Activity
When you are under stress, your body has an excess of
nervous energy.
Engaging in physical activities can release this pent-up
energy.
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Ways to Manage Stress
Eat Nutritious Food
Balanced nutrition is important for overall health.
Poor eating habits cause fatigue, weakness, and a reduced
ability to concentrate.
Inappropriate dieting and over- or undereating can also
put the body under additional stress.
Too much stress can cause poor absorption of vitamins
and minerals, which can lead to deficiencies.
Eat a variety of different foods, drink plenty of water, and
eat fresh food whenever possible.
Lesson 1
Ways to Manage Stress
Avoid Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drugs
Using tobacco, alcohol, or other
drugs does not relieve stress.
Substance use makes the body more
prone to diseases and has
dangerous long-term effects.
Lesson 1
Anxiety and Teen Depression
The teen years bring new pressures, challenges, and responsibilities that
can sometimes seem overwhelming.
These stressors can cause anxious feelings, sleeping difficulties, or
even mild depression.
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What Is Anxiety?
Anxiety
Everyone feels anxious from time to
time.
Occasional anxiety in life is natural.
Sometimes anxious feelings can have
positive results.
Other times, anxiety can get in the
way of a person’s performance.
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What Is Anxiety?
Symptoms of Anxiety
Feelings of fear or dread
Perspiration, trembling,
restlessness, or muscle tension
Rapid heart rate, lightheadedness,
or shortness of breath
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What Is Anxiety?
Perfectionist’s Anxiety
A perfectionist’s anxiety comes from believing that nothing he or
she does will be good enough.
This type of pressure can lead to frustration and unhappiness.
To avoid anxiety caused by striving for perfection, have realistic
expectations and take a positive view of your accomplishments.
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What Is Depression?
Depression
Depression is much stronger than the occasional sad mood.
To manage such feelings, follow these suggestions:
Write your feelings in a private journal.
Draw, dance, or engage in some other creative activity.
Talk about your feelings with your family and friends.
Do something nice for someone else.
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What Is Depression?
Types of Depression
Reactive Depression
Major Depression
It is a response to a
stressful event.
It is a medical condition
requiring professional help and
treatment.
It eventually goes away as
the person finds a way to
manage his or her response
to the event.
It is more severe and lasts
much longer.
It may result from a chemical
imbalance in the brain or a
genetic tendency.
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What Is Depression?
Symptoms of Teen Depression
An irritable or restless mood
Withdrawal from friends and
activities
A change in appetite or weight
Feelings of guilt or worthlessness
A sense of hopelessness
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Getting Help for Anxiety and Depression
Strategies for Coping with Anxiety and Depressive Feelings
Talk with supportive people.
Get more physical activity.
Volunteer.
Seek help from a parent or other trusted adults.
Seek help from a counselor, school psychologist, or other health
care professionals.
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What Is Resiliency?
Resiliency
Being able to overcome disappointments and survive traumatic
events is a sign of resiliency.
Resilient people can handle adversity in healthful ways and achieve
long-term success.
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Factors That Affect Resiliency
What Are Some Factors That Affect Resiliency?
External
Factors
Family
School or community
Peers
Internal
Factors
Opportunities to participate in
school projects or community
events
Lesson 1
Resiliency and Your Protective Factors
What Are Protective Factors?
Your developmental assets also protect you from risk behaviors.
These assets are protective factors, which can reduce the harmful
effects of a difficult or risky situation.
They may also influence a person to respond to a situation in a
healthy way.
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Resiliency and Your Protective Factors
Building Resiliency by Strengthening Your Protective Factors
Teens who do not have all their external protective factors in place can
strengthen the ones they do have.
Develop a better relationship with the adult members of your family.
Find support from teachers, coaches, clergy, or other caring adults.
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Resiliency and Your Protective Factors
Actions for Strengthening Your Internal Protective Factors
Become involved in extra-curricular activities.
Read for pleasure at least three hours per week.
Stand up for your beliefs.
Be honest with yourself and others.
Resist negative peer pressure.
Learn about people from other cultures.
Develop a sense of purpose.
Develop a positive outlook.