Transcript staar_review-_physics.pptx

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Julia and Alano are passengers on a train traveling at 5.7 meters per
second (m/s) relative to the ground. Julia is sitting facing Alano, with her
back to the front of the train. Julia throws a ball to Alano while the train
is passing by a platform at a train station. To a person standing on the
train station platform, the speed of the ball is traveling at an average
speed of 2.2 m/s in the same direction as the train. Relative to the train,
what speed is the ball is being thrown?
a.
7.9 meters per second
b.
c.
d.
4.4 meters per second
11.4 meters per second
3.5 meters per second
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D.
3.5 m/s
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When you are bouncing on a trampoline, why don’t you
notice the effects of the gravitational attraction between
yourself and the Sun?
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a.
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b.
c.
d.
You are much closer to the Earth than you are to the
Sun.
The Sun has a very small mass.
The Sun is not composed of matter.
The Sun has no gravitational attraction for objects on
Earth.
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A.
You are much closer to the Earth than
you are to the Sun
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. If a light bulb with a resistance of 40
ohms is placed in a circuit with a 9-volt
battery, what is the current flowing
through the bulb?.
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.225 amps
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Bob works with a friend to move his
belongings into a new home. They pick
up a sofa with a weight of 330.5 Newtons
and move it 14.7 meters into another
room. How much work, in joules, have
Bob and his friend done?
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4858 J
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The acceleration of gravity on Earth is
9.8 meters per second2. How much
gravitational potential energy, in joules,
does a 9.5 kilogram object have when it
is positioned at a height of 15 meters?
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1397 J
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A force can exist between two objects without those
objects being in contact. What force is at work when
the planet Venus revolves about the Sun?
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a.
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b.
c.
d.
magnetic force
electrical force
gravitational force
effort force
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c – gravitational force
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How would the gravitational force change
if the mass of object one (mass1)
increased?
a.
The force would decrease.
b.
The force would increase.
c.
The force would not change.
d.
The force would fluctuate randomly.
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B - the force would increase
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How would the gravitational force change if
the objects moved closer together?
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a.
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b.
c.
d.
The force would not change.
The force would decrease.
The force would fluctuate randomly.
The force would increase.
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D- Force would increase
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Both the Sun and the Moon exert a gravitational force on the
water covering the Earth. High and low tides are caused by
gravitational forces. Along most coastlines, there are two low
tides and two high tides during each 24-hour period. Why is the
Moon’s gravitational pull more important than that of the Sun’s
in affecting tides?
a.
The Moon is a solid object, while the Sun is
composed of gases.
b.
The Moon is much more massive than the Sun.
c.
The Moon is much closer to Earth than the Sun.
d.
The Sun is too far away and too small to have any attraction
for the Earth’s oceans.
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C- The moon is much closer to the earth
than the sun
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Melissa is driving a boat north on a canal at a water
speed of 9.6 meters per second (m/s). The canal
water is flowing south at 5.8 m/s. What is the speed of
the boat relative to the ground?
A.
19.2 meters per second
b.
15.4 meters per second
c.
3.8 meters per second
d.
11.6 meters per second
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C – 3.8 m/s
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Compare the gravitational attraction between the objects in A and B below. The mass
of all four objects shown is the same.
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a.
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b.
c.
d.
The gravitational attraction between the two objects is
greater in A.
The gravitational attraction between the two objects is
greater in B.
As gravity is based solely on mass, the attraction
between objects in A and B is the same.
The gravitational attraction between the two objects
changes at random in both A and B.
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A – The gravitational attraction between
the two objects is greater in A
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The gravitational force between objects depends upon
several factors. How would the gravitational attraction
between two objects change if the mass of one of the
objects decreased?
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a.
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b.
c.
d.
The gravitational attraction would not change.
The gravitational attraction would decrease.
The gravitational attraction would increase.
The gravitational attraction would increase at first,
then decrease.
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B- the gravitational attraction would
decrease
At what point(s) is the swing’s gravitational potential
energy the greatest?
a. A and B
c. A and C
b. B
d. A
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C- both A and C
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How does the swing’s gravitational potential energy change from point A to
point B?
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a.
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b.
c.
d.
The gravitational potential energy decreases, then increases between
these two points.
The gravitational potential energy increases between these two
points.
The gravitational potential energy does not change between these two
points.
The gravitational potential energy decreases between these two
points.
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D- The gravitational potential energy
decreases between these two points
How does the swing’s kinetic energy change from point A to
point B?
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a.
b.
points.
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d.
The kinetic energy does not change between these
two points.
The kinetic energy increases between these two
The kinetic energy decreases between these two
points.
The kinetic energy increases, then decreases between
these two points.
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B- The kinetic energy increases between
these two points
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Which statement is true?
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a.
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b.
c.
d.
An object’s mass has no effect on its potential
energy.
Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy as
a stationary object begins to move.
Kinetic energy is converted to potential energy as
a stationary object begins to move.
A stretched rubber band stores no energy.
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B- Potential Energy is converted to kinetic
as a stationary object begins to move.
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The chart shows how the weight of objects which weigh
75 pounds and 2000 pounds on Earth would differ on various
solar system bodies. How much stronger would the
gravitational attraction be for an object on Earth than it
would be on Venus?
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A. 2.6 times stronger
B. 2.8 times stronger
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C.6.0 times stronger
D.1.1 times stronger
Weight on
Earth (lbs)
75
2000
Comparison of Weight on Solar System Bodies
Weight on
Weight on
Weight on Weight on
the Moon
Jupiter
Venus (lbs) Mars (lbs)
(lbs)
(lbs)
12.5
67.5
28.5
190.5
333.3
1800.0
760.0
5080.0
Weight on
Saturn (lbs)
87.0
2320.0
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D- 1.1 times
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Power is defined as the rate at which
work is done. It is calculated by dividing
work, in joules, by time, in seconds.
Power is expressed in units of watts,
where 1 watt equals 1 joule per second.
How much power, in watts, is required for
a weight lifter to lift a weight of 1307.5
Newtons to a height of 1.4 meters in a
3.9-second period?
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469 watts
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In picture (a), the helicopter is flying east at
34.5 meters per second (m/s) relative to the
ground. The train is moving east at 8.3 m/s. If the
motorcycle is moving east at 6.7 m/s relative to the
train, what is the speed of the helicopter relative to
the motorcycle in meters per second?
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19.5 m/s
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Electrical power refers to the rate at
which electrical energy is converted into
another form of energy. Electrical power
can be calculated by multiplying
current, in amperes, by voltage, in volts.
A lamp has a current of 0.7 amperes
flowing through it and a potential
difference of 120 volts. How much
power, in watts, does the lamp use?
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84 watts
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Why don’t you notice the effects of the gravitational
attraction between yourself and a pencil you are
holding?
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a.
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b.
c.
d.
Your mass is much greater than the pencil’s mass.
The pencil has no mass.
Both you and the pencil have a tiny mass
compared to Earth’s mass.
You are too far away from the pencil.
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C- Both you and the pencil have a tiny
mass compared to the Earth’s mass
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How does the swing’s kinetic energy change from point B
to point C?
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a.
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b.
c.
d.
points.
The kinetic energy does not change between these
two points.
The kinetic energy decreases between these two
points.
The kinetic energy decreases, then increases between
these two points.
The kinetic energy increases between these two
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The kinetic energy decreases between
these two points
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Erin heats water (H2O) to a temperature of 85°C. She leaves the beaker on
the counter until the water temperature falls to 24°C, then places the beaker
in a freezer until the water temperature falls to 10°C.
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When the water temperature falls to 10 degrees Celsius
from 24 degrees Celsius, the water molecules ____.
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a.
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b.
c.
d.
move more slowly
initially move more slowly, but then move faster
do not change their speed
move faster
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A= move more slowly
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What is meant by the efficiency of a machine?
a.
b.
c.
d.
It measures the rate at which work is done.
It measures the number of times a machine
multiplies the effort force applied to it.
It measures how much work is put into a machine.
It measures how much work put into a machine is
changed to useful output work.
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D- it measures how much work put into a
machine is changed to a useful output
work
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Why don’t you notice the effects of the gravitational
attraction between yourself and the planet Jupiter?
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a.
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b.
c.
d.
There is no gravitational attraction between gaseous
objects and solid objects.
Jupiter is composed of gas, and therefore has no mass.
Your mass is much greater than Jupiter’s mass.
Your mass is small and Jupiter’s distance from you is
great.
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D- Your mass is small and Jupiter’s
distance from you is great