Transcript aphg ch. 5 language english diffusion ppt i

Chapter 5
The English
Language
English Speaking Countries: How did
English Evolve and Diffuse Across the
Globe?
Fig. 5-1: English is the official language in 42 countries, including some in which it is
not the most widely spoken language. It is also used and understood in
many others.
Origin, Evolution, & Diffusion
of English
• Stages:
– Indo-European Hearth
• Kurgan & Anatolian
– German Invasion of the British Isles
• The Angels, Saxons, & Jutes
– Germanic Branch Today
– Norman Invasion
• Brings French Influence to English
– English Colonies Around the World
– English as an Official Language
Anatolian Hearth Theory of IndoEuropean Origin
Fig. 5-10: In the Anatolian hearth theory, Indo-European originated in Turkey
before the Kurgans and diffused through agricultural expansion.
Kurgan Theory of Indo-European Origin
Fig. 5-9: In the Kurgan theory, Proto-Indo-European diffused from the Kurgan
hearth north of the Caspian Sea, beginning about 7,000 years ago.
German Invasions of England
5th–11th centuries
Fig. 5-2: The groups that brought what became English to England included Jutes, Angles,
Saxons, and Vikings. The Normans later brought French vocabulary to English.
Germanic Branch of Indo-European
Fig. 5-6: The Germanic branch today is divided into North and West Germanic
groups. English is in the West Germanic group.
Norman Invasion: 1066
French Influence on
English:
During the Norman
occupation, about 10,000
French words were
adopted into English,
some three-fourths of
which are still in use today.
Sky: Celestial
Horse: Equestrian
Man: Masculine
Woman: Feminine
English Colonies: 1600-1950
As Englishmen relocate to colonies around the world, they
diffuse the English language.
English: an Official Language
Fig. 5-1: English is the official language in 42 countries, including some in which it is
not the most widely spoken language. It is also used and understood in
many others.
Question
• What are the important stages of
diffusion for the English Language?
– Indo-European Hearth
– German Invasion of the British Isles
– Germanic Branch
– Norman Invasion
– English Colonies
– English as an Official Language
Question
• How did the English Language
Diffuse?
– A. Expansion Diffusion
– B. Hierarchical Diffusion
– C. Stimulus Diffusion
– D. Contagious Diffusion
– E. Relocation Diffusion
What Role Does English Play
Today?
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English is the Language of the Skies.
English is the Language of the Oceans.
English is the Language of the Internet.
English is the Language of Science.
English is the Language of International
Business.