Transcript Ergonomics_1.ppt

OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS
AN INTRODUCTORY
COURSE
WELCOME
COURSE OBJECTIVES
 INTRODUCE ERGONOMICS AS A SAFETY
SCIENCE & ESTABLISH ITS ROLE IN TODAY’S
INDUSTRY.
 INTRODUCE SOME BASIC SKILLS IN THE
RECOGNITION & CONTROL OF OCCUPATIONAL
ERGONOMIC HAZARDS.
 PROVIDE BASIC RECOGNITION SKILLS FOR
SUPERVISORS
 DEFINE ERGONOMICS (DISPEL MYTHS).
COURSE OBJECTIVES
(Continued)
NOTE
This Course Is Designed to Introduce Basic
Skills in the Recognition of Ergonomic
Stressors, It Will Not Make You an Expert. If
You Feel That the Requirements of Your Job
Are Above Your Level of Expertise the
Services of a Professional Ergonomist or
Medical Professional Should Be Sought.
BASIS FOR THIS COURSE
 THOUSANDS OF WORKERS CAN BENEFIT FROM ERGONOMICS
 DAILY EXPOSURE TO NUMEROUS ERGONOMIC STRESSORS
 DAILY EXPOSURE TO NUMEROUS PHYSICAL HAZARDS
 EFFICIENCY CAN BE GREATLY IMPROVED
 OSHA SAFETY STANDARDS REQUIRE:
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Establishment of a “safety” program
Training be conducted
Ergonomic stressors be assessed
Hazards and precautions be explained
APPLICABLE REGULATIONS
 29 CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS
(PROPOSED REGULATION IN DEVELOPMENT)
 29 CFR 1903.1, THE GENERAL DUTY CLAUSE
 ANSI HFS-100/1988, VIDEO DISPLAY TERMINALS
 ANSI Z-365; CONTROL OF CUMULATIVE TRAUMA
DISORDERS
 MEATPACKING PLANT GUIDELINES (Previously)
 NIOSH LIFTING GUIDELINES (Beyond Scope)
GENERAL PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS
ALL EMPLOYERS MUST:
 REVIEW JOB SPECIFIC HAZARDS
 INSTITUTE SAFE WORK PRACTICES
 CONDUCT ERGONOMIC ASSESSMENTS
 PROVIDE COMPLETE HAZARD INFORMATION
 PROVIDE HEALTH SCREENING WHERE NEEDED
 PROVIDE TRAINING TO ALL REQUIRED EMPLOYEES
 INSTALL ENGINEERING CONTROLS WHERE POSSIBLE
TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
THE EMPLOYER MUST:
 DETERMINE ERGONOMIC STRESSORS.
 DISCUSS EMPLOYEE PROTECTIVE MEASURES.
 REVIEW THE PROGRAM ON AN ANNUAL BASIS.
 TRAIN ALL EMPLOYEES PRIOR TO JOB ASSIGNMENT.
 DISCUSS PERIPHERALS SUCH AS LOCKOUT AND CONFINED
SPACES.
RETRAINING REQUIREMENTS
REQUIRED WHEN THERE IS A:
 CLOSE-CALL EVENT
 PROGRAM RELATED INJURY
 CHANGE IN JOB ASSIGNMENT
 NEW HAZARD OR EQUIPMENT
 NEW HAZARD CONTROL METHODS
 FAILURE IN THE SAFETY PROCEDURES
 REASON TO DOUBT EMPLOYEE PROFICIENCY
ERGONOMICS DEFINED
VARIOUS AUTHORS DEFINE ERGONOMICS AS:
 The study of man’s relationship with his or her
workplace.
 Fitting the task to the person rather than forcing
him/her to adapt to the work environment.
 Designing the workplace to prevent occupational
injury and illness.
ERGONOMICS DEFINED
(Continued)
VARIOUS AUTHORS DEFINE ERGONOMICS AS:
 Discovering the capabilities and limitations of the
human body.
 The art and science that addresses workers’ job
performance and well-being in relation to their job
tasks, tools, equipment and environment.
 The study of the relationship between people and
machines or between employees and their
environment.
ERGONOMICS DEFINED
(Continued)
VARIOUS AUTHORS DEFINE ERGONOMICS AS:
 The study of the interaction between the worker and
the process at the workplace.
WHAT OTHER DEFINITIONS
HAVE YOU HEARD?
ERGONOMICS IS IMPORTANT
ERGONOMICS PLAYS A ROLE IN APPROXIMATELY 50% OF
ALL WORKPLACE INJURIES. ERGONOMICS WILL HELP:
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Improve quality.
Improve absenteeism.
Maintain a healthier work force.
Reduce injury and illness rates.
Acceptance of high-turnover jobs.
Workers feel good about their work.
Reduce workers’ compensation costs.
Elevate OSHA compliance to a higher level of awareness.
ERGONOMICS IS IMPORTANT
“It is estimated that in the United States, 97% of the
money spent for medical care is directed toward
treatment of an illness, injury or disability. Only 3%
is spent on prevention.”
Self-help Manual for your Back
H. Duane Saunders, MSPT
by Educational Opportunities
ERGONOMICS
A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY APPROACH
THINK ABOUT THE NUMBER
OF WAYS ERGONOMICS
IMPACTS OUR DAILY LIFE!
ERGONOMICS
A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY APPROACH
FOR EXAMPLE!
THE SCIENCE OF
ERGONOMICS IS CRITICALLY
IMPORTANT IN THE
CONTINUING DEVELOPMENT
OF THE AUTOMOBILE!
ERGONOMICS
A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY APPROACH
THE FOLLOWING DISCIPLINES HAVE PLAYED A ROLE IN
DEVELOPMENT OF THE AUTOMOBILE:
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Economics
Sociology
Physiology
Psychology
Biomechanics
Physical Sciences
Management Philosophies
Engineering, Industrial Design
Safety & Health, Human Factors Engineering
PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ERGONOMIC PROGRAM
REQUIRES:
 PERSONAL INTEREST
 DEDICATION
 MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT
NOTE:
UNDERSTANDING AND SUPPORT FROM THE WORK FORCE IS
ESSENTIAL, WITHOUT IT THE PROGRAM WILL FAIL!
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
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WORK STATION DESIGN
TOOL SELECTION AND DESIGN
OFFICE SAFETY IMPROVEMENT
VIDEO DISPLAY TERMINALS (VDT’S) SAFETY
BACK INJURY REDUCTION AND PREVENTION
MANUAL MATERIAL HANDLING IMPROVEMENT
CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDER (CTD) REDUCTION
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
 RECOGNITION
 A determination of whether there are ergonomics related
problems in the workplace.
 EVALUATION
 An identification of the nature and location of the problems.
 CONTROL
 The introduction of measures designed to eliminate or
reduce the hazards.
KEY PROGRAM ELEMENTS
 TRAINING
 WORKSITE ANALYSIS
 MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
 ERGONOMICS WORKING GROUP
 HAZARD PREVENTION AND CONTROL
KEY PROGRAM ELEMENTS
(Continued)
 TRAINING
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JOB-SPECIFIC TRAINING
TRAINING FOR ENGINEERS
ANNUAL AWARENESS TRAINING
TRAINING FOR:
- Affected employees
- Managers
- Supervisors
- Maintenance personnel
KEY PROGRAM ELEMENTS
(Continued)
 WORKSITE ANALYSIS
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RECORDS REVIEW
PERIODIC SURVEYS
HAZARDS ANALYSIS
SYSTEMATIC SITE ANALYSIS
KEY PROGRAM ELEMENTS
(Continued)
 MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
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Follow-up
Recordkeeping
Symptom surveys
Health surveillance
Classify job demands
Disability management
Establish treatment protocols
Periodic reviews with physicians
Early symptoms reporting mechanism
Health care providers must be part of the program
KEY PROGRAM ELEMENTS
(Continued)
 ERGONOMICS WORKING GROUP
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WRITTEN PROGRAM
EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT
TOP MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT
REGULAR PROGRAM ACTIVITY, REVIEW AND EVALUATION
KEY PROGRAM ELEMENTS
(Continued)
 HAZARD PREVENTION AND CONTROL
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PPE REDUCTION
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS
OPTIMIZATION OF WORK PRACTICES
THE SUPERVISOR’S ROLE
 CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING:
1. DO (OR GET INVOLVED IN) THE ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION.
2. IF YOU FEEL ERGONOMICS IS A FACTOR, OBTAIN
ASSISTANCE (IF NEEDED) FROM EXPERTS IN THE FIELD OF
CONCERN.
3. COMPLETE THE PAPERWORK (WORK ORDERS, POLICY
CHANGES, ETC.) TO MAKE CORRECTIVE ACTIONS.
4. FOLLOW-UP ON THE ACTIONS YOU TOOK.
THE SUPERVISOR’S ROLE
(Continued)
 HOW TO DETERMINE IF ERGONOMICS PLAYS A
ROLE (ERGONOMIC HAZARD INDICATORS):
1. STRAINS AND SPRAINS OFTEN RESULT FROM WORK
ACTIVITY THAT CAN BE ALLEVIATED THROUGH ERGONOMIC
IMPROVEMENTS.
2. IF WORKERS COMPLAIN ABOUT PAIN OR FATIGUE IN
SPECIFIC MUSCLE GROUPS OR BODY PARTS.
3. HIGH TURNOVER RATES OF EMPLOYEES IN CERTAIN JOBS
IS AN INDICATOR THAT AN ERGONOMIC ASSESSMENT
SHOULD BE CONDUCTED.
WRITTEN PROGRAM
WHEN THE FINAL RULE FOR ERGONOMICS
IS INTRODUCED
 WRITTEN PROGRAMS MUST BE:
 DEVELOPED
 IMPLEMENTED
 CONTROLLED
 PERIODICALLY REVIEWED
HEALTH SURVEILLANCE
 HEALTH SURVEILLANCE INCLUDES:
 EMPLOYEE BASELINES - (physicals).
 EMPLOYEE NOTIFICATION.
• EMPLOYEE’S SHOULD BE NOTIFIED WHEN THEY ARE
PLACED IN JOB DESCRIPTIONS WITH KNOWN
STRESSORS.
 PERIODIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE - MONITORING THE
STATUS OF KNOWN PROBLEMS OR LOOKING FOR THE
BEGINNING OF PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE JOB.
ERGONOMICS WORKING GROUP
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Hold regular meetings
Document meetings
Committees encourage employee involvement
Employee complaints, suggestions, or concerns can be
brought to the attention of management.
 Feedback without fear of reprisal should be provided to all
employees
 The committee should analyze statistical data concerning
ergonomic stressors, and make recommendations for
corrective action
 Follow-up is critical
PROGRAM REVIEW AND EVALUATION
EVALUATION TECHNIQUES INCLUDE:
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Employee surveys.
Review of results of facility evaluations.
Analysis of trends in injury/illness rates.
Up-to-date records of logs of job improvements tried or
implemented.
 Before and after surveys/evaluations of job/worksite changes.
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND ERGONOMIC CONTROLS
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
 Work Station Design
 Process Modification
 Tool Selection and Design
 Mechanical Assist
 ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS
 Training Programs
 Pacing
 FIRST CHOICE
 SECOND CHOICE
 Job Rotation/Enlargement
 Policy and Procedures
 PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT LAST CHOICE
 Gloves
 Shields
 Non-Slip Shoes
 Wraps
 Eye Protection
 Aprons
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND ERGONOMIC CONTROLS
 OCCUPATIONAL RISK FACTORS:
Occupational risk factors are defined as any attribute of a job or
task that we know increases the probability of injury or illness.
 INAPPROPRIATE
1. Force
- Including-
Internal or External
2. Posture
- Such as -
Extreme Twisting or Bending
3. Repetition
- Including-
Muscle Group Overexertion
4. Insufficient Rest
- Including-
Muscle Group Overexertion
WORKSITE ANALYSIS
 WORKSITE ANALYSIS IS DIVIDED INTO FOUR MAIN PARTS:
1. Gathering information from available sources.
2. Conducting baseline screening surveys to determine which
jobs need a closer analysis.
3. Performing ergonomic job hazard analyses of those work
stations with identified risk factors.
4. After implementing control measures, conducting periodic
surveys and follow-up to evaluate changes.
WORKSITE ANALYSIS
Continued
TANGIBLE INDICATORS:
 Accident Records
 Production Records
 Personnel Records
 Employee Surveys
WORKSITE ANALYSIS
Continued
SYMPTOM SURVEY
1. NOTE AREAS OF PAIN
OR DISCOMFORT!
2. WHAT DO YOU FEEL IS
THE SOURCE?
3. WHAT ENVIRONMENTAL
CHANGES WOULD HELP?
4. WHAT OTHER FEEDBACK
CAN BE GATHERED?
FRONT
BACK
WORKSITE ANALYSIS
Continued
WHAT TANGIBLE
INDICATORS
WOULD BE MOST
USEFUL TO YOU?
INCIDENCE RATES
 INCIDENCE RATES:
incidence rates for upper extremity
disorders and/or back injuries should be calculated by
counting the incidences of CTDs and reporting the incidences
per 100 full time workers per year per facility.
INCIDENCE RATE
(NUMBER OF NEW CASES (200,000 WORK HRS*) PER FACILITY
NUMBER OF HOURS WORKED/FACILITY/YR
* 200,000 = APPROXIMATE ANNUAL WORK HOURS FOR 100 WORKERS.
* THE SAME METHOD SHOULD BE APPLIED TO DEPARTMENTS,
PRODUCTION LINES, OR JOB TYPES WITHIN EACH FACILITY.
INCIDENCE RATES
(Continued)
 SAMPLE INCIDENCE RATE CALCULATION:
(NUMBER OF NEW CASES (200,000 WORK HRS*) PER FACILITY
NUMBER OF HOURS WORKED/FACILITY/YR
IF YOU EXPERIENCED 2 CARPAL TUNNEL CASES LAST YEAR, IN A POPULATION
OF 100 EMPLOYEES. WHAT IS THE INCIDENCE RATE?
2 X 200,000
IR =
IR =
100 X (50 X 40 hrs)
400,000
200,000
IR = 2 CASES OF CARPAL TUNNEL PER
100 PERSON-YEARS OF EXPOSURE
* 200,000 = APPROXIMATE ANNUAL WORK HOURS FOR 100 WORKERS.
* THE SAME METHOD SHOULD BE APPLIED TO DEPARTMENTS, PRODUCTION LINES, OR
JOB TYPES WITHIN EACH FACILITY.
ANTHROPOMETRY DEFINED
ANTHROPOMETRY:
The technology of measuring and quantifying
various human physical traits such as size,
weight, proportion, mobility and strength.
ANTHROPOMETRY DEFINED
ENGINEERING
ANTHROPOMETRY:
The application of anthropometric data
to equipment, workplace and job design
to enhance the efficiency, safety and
comfort of the operator.
ANTHROPOMETRIC DIMENSIONS
Inches
Abbreviated Table of Anthropometric Dimensions
Physical
Dimension
1. Stature
2. Eye ht.
3. Hip ht.
4. Elbow ht.
MEN
5th
64.0
59.6
33.1
39.6
50th
62.5
64.2
36.2
42.9
WOMEN
95th
73.0
68.7
39.4
46.5
5th
59.3
55.3
29.1
36.6
50th
63.4
59.3
31.9
39.6
95th
67.3
63.4
42.7
42.7
ERGONOMIC RISK FACTORS
PERSONAL RISK FACTORS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Age
Gender
Attitude
Training
Strength
Work method
Anthropometry
ERGONOMIC RISK FACTORS
Continued
JOB RISK FACTORS
1. Weight of load
2. Location/size of load
3. Frequency of the Task
4. Duration and pace of cycle
5. Stability of load
6. Coupling of load
7. Travel distances of worker
8. Reach distances of worker
9. Symmetry between worker and the object
held
ERGONOMIC RISK FACTORS
Continued
JOB RISK FACTORS
10. Static work posture
a) Standing
b) Sitting
11. Work platforms or stairs
12. Torso flexion (bending)
a) Mild (up to 45 degrees)
b) Severe (greater than 45 degrees)
13. Work heights (too high or too low)
14. Floor surfaces (wet, smooth, vibration)
ERGONOMIC RISK FACTORS
Continued
JOB RISK FACTORS
15. Environment
a) Hot (sweat, reduced grip, fatigue)
b) Cold (gloves reduce grip by as much as 30%)
16. Lighting
a) posture problems (because of inability to see)
17. Noise/vibration
a) Frequency very important
b) Can amplify through the body
ERGONOMIC RISK FACTORS
Continued
WHAT ARE THE
PRIMARY RISK
FACTORS
ASSOCIATED WITH
YOUR JOB?
JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
UNIT LOADS:
DEFINED AS:
The unit to be moved or
handled at any one time.
THE CONTAINER, CARRIER, OR SUPPORT USED
TO MOVE MATERIALS MUST BE INCLUDED AS
PART OF THE UNIT LOAD.
JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
Continued
FACTORS AFFECTING UNIT LOADS
 THE MATERIAL TO BE UTILIZED
 THE QUANTITY OF MATERIAL TO BE HANDLED
 THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE MATERIAL TO DAMAGE
 THE NUMBER OF TIMES THE UNIT LOAD IS HANDLED
 THE RECEIVING, STORING, SHIPPING, AND HANDLING METHODS
 THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS TO WHICH THE LOAD IS EXPOSED
JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
Continued
DESIGNING THE UNIT LOAD
 OPTIMIZE THE WEIGHT OF THE LOAD
 REDUCE THE SIZE OF THE LOAD
 INSURE STABILITY OF THE LOAD
 OPTIMIZE LOAD COUPLING
- HAND TO LOAD
- FOOT TO FLOOR
JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
Continued
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
 Fundamental Movements or acts
“ELEMENT”
- Search
- Select
- Grasp
- Reach
- Move
- Hold
- Position
- Inspect
- Assemble
- Disassemble
- Delay (unavoidable)
- Delay (avoidable)
- Plan
- Rest (overcome fatigue)
JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
Continued
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
 The time required to complete one sequence of tasks
sub- tasks, or elements.
“CYCLE”
 Example:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Assemble new box
Put bottles in box from conveyor
Stack boxes on pallet
Go to step 1
JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
Continued
TASK ANALYSIS
 IDENTIFY THE JOB TO STUDY
 COLLECT THE DATA
 EVALUATE THE DATA
 FORMULATE CONTROL MEASURES
JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
Continued
IDENTIFYING THE JOB TO STUDY
 ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS
 ACCIDENT STATISTICS
 COMPLAINTS & OPERATOR FEEDBACK
 PRODUCTION BOTTLENECKS, HIGH ERRORS
 HIGH EMPLOYEE TURNOVER JOBS
JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
Continued
COLLECTING THE DATA
 DIRECT OBSERVATION
 VIDEO TAPE
 ACTION PHOTOGRAPHS
 DOCUMENTARY ACCOUNTS
 ACCIDENT STATISTICS
JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
Continued
EVALUATING THE DATA
 TASK DESCRIPTION
 SUB-TASK DESCRIPTION
 ELEMENT DESCRIPTION
 RISK FACTOR/HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
Continued
FORMULATING CONTROL MEASURES
 APPLICATION OF ERGONOMIC PRINCIPLES
 CORRECTIVE ACTION FOR NON-COMPLIANCE
 ELIMINATE OR REDUCE EXPOSURE
JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
Continued
TASK ANALYSIS FORM
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TASK DESCRIPTION
LEFT HAND
RIGHT HAND
FREQUENCY
NOTES
POSTURE
FORCE
DURATION
- Action Being Performed
- Usage
- Usage
- Usually per minute
- Supporting information
- Acceptable to extreme
- High, Medium, Low
- Length of Stressor
JOB AND WORK STATION DESIGN
GOOD JOB DESIGN
REDUCES
Discomfort, Fatigue, Aches & Pains
Injuries & Illnesses, Work Restrictions
AVOIDS
Absenteeism, Turnover, Complaints,
Poor Performance, Poor Vigilance
ABATES
Accidents, Production Problems,
Poor Quality, Scrap/Rework
JOB AND WORK STATION DESIGN
Continued
GOOD JOB DESIGN
EMPLOYEE:
PREVENTS
Economic Loss, Loss in Earning Power,
Loss in Quality of Life, Pain & Suffering
EMPLOYER:
PREVENTS
Economic Loss, Loss in Expertise,
Compensation Costs, Damaged Goods
& Equipment
WORK STATION DESIGN
Continued
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
 Design for the Range-of-Motion of the Worker
 Design for the Field of Vision of the Worker
 Design out Extreme Ranges-of-Motion
 Reduce Force in Job Accomplishment
 Reduce the Frequency of Motions Required
 Reduce the Duration of a Specific Task
 Design to Provide Adequate Support to Back, and Legs
WORK STATION DESIGN
Continued
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
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Incorporate Adjustable Work Surfaces
Design Delivery Bins to Accommodate Various Heights
Design Delivery Bins to Accommodate Various Reaches
Design Work Platforms with Ranges-of-Movement
Incorporate the use of Mechanical or Powered Assists
Incorporate the use of Suspension Devices for Tools
Incorporate the use of Floor mats to Reduce Leg Trauma
WORK STATION DESIGN
Continued
THE BOTTOM LINE
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DO NOT DESIGN FOR THE AVERAGE!
DO NOT DESIGN FOR YOURSELF!
THE LARGE MUST BE ABLE TO FIT!
THE SMALL MUST BE ABLE TO REACH!
DESIGN FOR A RANGE!
DESIGN FOR ADJUSTABILITY!
WORK STATION DESIGN
Continued
WHAT ADDITIONAL
DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS
CAN YOU THINK OF
FOR WORK
STATIONS?
TOOL DESIGN AND SELECTION
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
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Consider the Gender and Age of Users.
The Specific Use of the Tool Is Critical.
Contact Manufactures for Their Assistance.
Make Informed Decisions Before You Buy.
Don’t be Fooled by Misleading Advertising.
Any Other (than its intended) Use Negates Possibly
All Benefits and May Prove to be Detrimental to an
Ergonomic Program.
TOOL DESIGN AND SELECTION
Continued
REMEMBER
A TOOL WHICH IS CALLED AN
“ERGONOMIC TOOL”
IS ONLY AN ERGONOMIC TOOL
WHEN IT IS USED FOR ITS INTENDED PURPOSE
TOOL DESIGN AND SELECTION
Continued
CONSIDERATIONS
PINCHPOINTS
STRAIGHT WRIST
WEIGHT
TORQUE
VIBRATION
SAFE BALANCE
FIRM GRIP
TOOL DESIGN AND SELECTION
Continued
 TOOLS COME IN ENDLESS VARIETY, THE NEXT
FEW SLIDES PROVIDE SOME CONSIDERATIONS
TO THINK ABOUT.
TOOL DESIGN AND SELECTION
Continued
HANDLE CONSIDERATIONS
CRITERIA
CONSIDERATION
 DIAMETER
- AVOID ONE SIZE FITS ALL
 HAND FIT
- AVOID GROOVES AND CONTOURS
THAT CAUSE PRESSURE POINTS
 HANDLE
MATERIAL
- NON-CONDUCTIVE
- TEXTURED TO AVOID SLIP OR TWIST
- CONSIDER THICKNESS
TOOL DESIGN AND SELECTION
Continued
HANDLE CONSIDERATIONS
CRITERIA
CONSIDERATION
 ORIENTATION
- ACCOMMODATES STRAIGHT WRIST?
 SPAN
- NOT TOO LARGE TO GRASP EASILY?
 GRIP STRENGTH
- CONSIDER POWERED TOOLS WHEN
OPERATOR HAS DIFFICULTY WITH
FORCES OR HIGH REPETITION!
TOOL DESIGN AND SELECTION
Continued
GUARDING CONSIDERATIONS
CRITERIA
 PINCHPOINTS
CONSIDERATION
- PINCH AND NIP POINTS COVERED?
- STOPPER TO AVOID CLOSING FINGERS?
 EXHAUST
- POINTED AWAY FROM HAND AND BODY?
TOOL DESIGN AND SELECTION
Continued
FREE HAND CONSIDERATIONS
CRITERIA
 FREE HAND USE
CONSIDERATION
- JIGS AND FIXTURES TO HOLD WORK
- FIXTURES CAN EVEN HOLD TOOL
TOOL DESIGN AND SELECTION
Continued
STORAGE OF TOOL BETWEEN CYCLES
CRITERIA
CONSIDERATION
 BETWEEN CYCLES - SUSPEND IF FREQUENTLY
GRASPED OR RELEASED
- CONSIDER WORKSTATION OR
WAIST MOUNTED HOLSTER
TOOL DESIGN AND SELECTION
Continued
POWER TOOLS
CRITERIA
CONSIDERATION
 CENTER OF
GRAVITY
- SHOULD BE NEAR FIST
- AVOID NOSE-HEAVY TOOLS
 WEIGHT
- SUPPORT OR COUNTERBALANCE
IF OVER TWO POUNDS
 TRIGGER LOCATION - PLACED WITH GRIP SO DIGITS
DON’T HAVE TO REACH
TOOL DESIGN AND SELECTION
Continued
POWER TOOLS
CRITERIA
CONSIDERATION
 TRIGGER LOCATION - PLACED WITH GRIP SO DIGITS
DON’T HAVE TO REACH
 TRIGGER TENSION
- LIGHT ENOUGH TO AVOID FATIGUE,
HEAVY ENOUGH TO AVOID
ACCIDENTAL ACTIVATION
 SIZE
- PREFERABLY LARGE ENOUGH TO
SPAN MULTIPLE FINGERS
TOOL DESIGN AND SELECTION
Continued
POWER TOOLS
CRITERIA
CONSIDERATION
 TORQUE REACTION - MANUAL STOP OR REACTION BAR
 CLUTCH OPTIONS
- RATCHET
- STALL
 MAINTENANCE
- UPKEEP AND REPAIR AVOIDS
VIBRATION
TOOL DESIGN AND SELECTION
Continued
POWER TOOLS
CRITERIA
 POWER
CONSIDERATION
- TORQUE AND SPEED SHOULD BE
ADEQUATE TO MATCH FASTENING
REQUIREMENTS
 HOSE CONNECTION - SWIVEL CONNECTION REDUCES
“MOMENT” CREATED BY DANGLING
HOSE
TIPS FOR USING CONTRACTORS
 REMEMBER, YOU CONTROL YOUR FACILITY OR AREA!
 REVIEW THEIR PROCEDURES WITH THEM BEFORE
STARTING THE JOB!
 DETERMINE THEIR SAFETY PERFORMANCE RECORD!
 DETERMINE WHO IS IN CHARGE OF THEIR PEOPLE!
 DETERMINE HOW THEY WILL AFFECT YOUR EMPLOYEES!