Transcript NFSM-PB Review meeting by Mamta Sharma

Addressing
Phytophthora
Blight
Disease: An Emerging Threat to
Pigeonpea Expansion and Production
Overview & Progress Report
2014 - 2015
Mamta Sharma
Project Coordinator
International Crops Research Institute for the semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
(On behalf of all partners)
Project Review Meet -08-06- 15 – Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi
Project Partners and Investigators
ICRISAT :
Dr Mamta Sharma (PI)
Dr Raju Ghosh (Co-PI)
Dr Sameer Kumar (Co-PI)
BHU :
Dr Ramesh Chand (PI)
Dr Vineeta Singh (Co-PI)
PAU :
Dr Asmita Sirari (Co-PI)
RAKCA:
Dr DR Saxena (PI)
Dr Ashok Chaudhary
Objectives
 Identify pigeonpea genotypes with resistance to
Phytophthora blight.
 Evaluate resistant genotypes for stability of
resistance at multi-locations.
 Disseminate the Phytophthora blight resistant
genotypes in farmers’ fields.
 Technology exchange and capacity building in
integrated management of Phytophthora
blight.
Technical Progress
Activities completed
 Status of PB occurrence and distribution in major pigeonpea growing states
 Causal organism of PB and biology of P. cajani understood.
 Identification of the epidemiological components for standardizing resistance
screening techniques.
 Standardization and refinement of resistance screening technique in green
house, mini-sick plot and field for PB.
 Variability study of P. cajani isolates collected from different locations.
 Large scale screening of all the available germplasm and breeding material by
all the partners
 Confirmation of identified resistant sources and sharing with partners for
checking the stability of resistance
 Training and capacity building in the screening technique as well as handling
the pathogen
 Finalization of workplan for 2015-16 in the recent review meeting held at
BHU, Varanasi
PB occurrence & distribution
ICRISAT: AP, TS, KA, MH, TN
BHU: UP
Telangana
RAKCA: MP, CG
PAU: Punjab
State Field
surveyed
(No)
AP
36
TS
111
KA
73
MH 228
TN
49
UP
97
MP 37
CG
19
PA
17
Total 667
PB incidence
(% range)
0 - 7.3
0 - 75.5
0 - 52.5
0 - 42.7
0-5
0 - 20
2 - 75
2 - 12
10 - 30
0 - 75.5%
Karnataka
PB occurrence & distribution-south
PB occurrence & distribution-central
• 37 places were covered in MP & 19 in CG
• PB incidence ranged 2-75 % in Kymore Plateau &
Satpura Hills zone of MP & 6 - 24 % in Nimar
plains of MP.
• In CG incidence was 2 - 12 %.
• Stem infection was more prominent. Infection on
bunds was also noticed.
• In well managed bunds the plant stand was good.
MP
CG
PB occurrence & distribution: north
Villages/Districts
GPS Values
Identified
Pathogens
1- Jakhhine
(Varanasi)
ELEV: 407 Ft
N 250 11.545’
E 0820 50.005’
P. cajani
2- Anantpur
(Mirzapur)
ELEV: 220 Ft P. cajani
N 250 11.507’
E 0820
45.444’
ELEV: 267 Ft P. cajani
N 250 16.410’
E 0820
43.765’
ELEV: 262 Ft P. cajani
N 250 14.121’
E 0820
42.850’
3- Khochawa
(Varanasi)
4- Khochawa
(Varanasi)
UP
PA
PB : Symptoms-Natural infection
Etiology and Biology
PB Pathogen- Isolation & Identification
Identification of the isolates based on morphological
and molecular characters (all centres)
(i) Morphological identification
Mycelium coenocytic, aseptate, nuclei scattered throughout the mycelia and few
places two nuclei were seen together.
(ii) Molecular identification based on ITS primers :
ITS gene bank accession no. : Obtained after amplification with ITS primers given
below:
ITS 1 Forward – 5’-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3’
ITS 4 Reverse - 5’-TCCTCCGCTTTATTGATATG-3’
Pathogen identified as Phytophthora cajani
P. cajani cultural, morphological and molecular characters
Center
Isolates
NCBI GenBank No
ICRISAT
15
KJ010534, KJ010535, KJ010536, KJ010537, KJ010538,
KJ622200, KJ622201, KJ622202, KJ622203, KJ622204,
KJ622205, KJ622206, KJ622207, KJ622208, 1 submitted
BHU
5
KJ412453 and 4 to be submitted
RAKCA
3
Submitted
PAU
3
Submitted
Total
26
P. cajani : Variation in colony characters
Color: White to dull white
Mycelium: Fluffy to suppressed
rosaceous to stellate
Best media: Tomato juice agar
(TJA)
Sporangial morphology
Ovoid to obpyriform, Ellipsoid
Non papillate
P. cajani : Phylogenetic relationship with
other Phytophthora species
P. cajani
P. cajani were grouped together in the
same clade with the nearest relative P.
pisi and P. sojae isolate.
There was no phylogenetic discordance
within the P. cajani isolates
P. pisi
P. sojae
Refinement of Resistance Screening Techniques
Components of screening technique: Greenhouse
Host
(susceptible cv & age)
Optimum temperature : 25-30°C
Inoculum concentration : zoospores, mycelium
Disease
Pathogen
Environment
(Virulence,
Inoculum)
Opt temp., RH,
Soil moisture
Relative Humidity
: >85%
Plant age
Soil moisture
then fully saturated
: 7 -15 days
: Flooding for 48 hours and
PB : Screening Technique -ICRISAT
Zoospore inoculation technique
PB : Screening Technique
Mini-sick plot (ICRISAT)
Mixing of fungal inoculum
Growing PB sus cultivar
PB infected plants
PB : Screening Technique - BHU
Nodal leaf inoculation technique
Node % Node
Infection area
infected
(mm2)
3
78
2.46
5
90
2.54
7
74
2.47
9
72
2.52
11
40
0.52
0.48
LSD
0.05
PB : Screening Technique - PAU
Glass house technique
Soil inoculation + smearing of 20
days old seedlings with fungal
culture resulted in maximum
disease incidence
PB : Screening Technique - PAU
Mini sick plot technique
• Development of sick plot
• Broadcasting of fresh inoculum from newly
infected plants
• Water logging conditions maintained
PB : Screening Technique - RAKCA
Evaluation of Pigeonpea Genotypes -ICRISAT
More than 1100 germplasm and breeding lines have been screened so far
No. of
lines
screened
Phytophthora blight incidence (%)
S.
No.
Particular of source
1
Pigeonpea released
cultivars
24
Nil
Nil
MN-1, ICPL 99050,
85063
2
Phytophthora blight
resistant lines (reported)
116
Nil
Nil
ICPL 20114,
MAL- 13
184
ICPH 2363, ICPL
ICPL 11264,
11228, 11229,
11273, 11223, 20331,
11227
11314,20326,
11262, 11224
ICPL 20335, 11254,
11270, 11269,
11236
0-10
11-20
21-30
3
Pigeonpea advance
breeding lines
4
Pigeonpea wilt and sterility
mosaic disease nursery
entries
60
Nil
ICPL 99004
ICPL 99048, 99044,
20136, 94062,
12728, 20105,
99099, 99091
5
Water logging tolerant lines
36
Nil
Nil
Nil
Evaluation of Pigeonpea Genotypes
ICRISAT
S.
Particular of source
No.
Phytophthora blight incidence (%)
No. of lines
screened
0-10
11-20
21-30
BHU 265, 035, 250,
286, 298, 336, 342,
347, 451, 464, 307,
285, 306, 360, 474,
569, 332, 279, 346,
007, 236, 237, 247,
305, 378, 467, 494,
498, 244, 082, 085,
274, 450
BHU 218, 227, 302,
330, 252, 278, 303,
374, 089, 339, 234,
011, 075, 229, 233,
301, 328, 343, 379,
270, 449, 559, 242,
263, 515, 009, 054,
231, 293, 475, 269,
535, 020, 372, 376
Nil
Nil
6
BHU-farmers field
selection
479
BHU 267, 268,
290, 296, 308,
331, 491, 502,
217, 228, 266,
275, 503, 565,
276, 314, 365,
465, 364, 309
7
Selected breeding lines
form Sehore
29
Nil
Total
1086
PB : Greenhouse Screening Techniques
Identification of resistant lines
Released cultivars
PB : Greenhouse Screening Techniques
Identification of resistant lines (ICRISAT)
BHU lines screened at ICRISAT
Susceptible
check
Resistant
PB : Confirmation of resistance
Sus. check
ICPL 99008
ICPL 99048
Sus. check
ICPL 99004
ICPL 99009
PB : Confirmation of resistance
Resistant line
Resistant line
Resistant line
Sus. check
Sus. check
Screening of Pigeonpea Genotypes
BHU
Total 615 lines collected from different pigeonpea
growing villages were screened
Screening of Pigeonpea Genotypes
BHU
Reaction
Total
Line
Disease
Incidence %
Reaction
Type
≤0.10
Disease
severity
(1-9 scale)
1-3
Resistant
0
Moderately
3
10.1-20.0
4-5
MR
512
20.1-40.0
5-7
MS
79
≥40.1
7-9
S
R
resistant
Moderately
susceptible
Susceptible
Screening of Pigeonpea Genotypes
PAU- Ludhiana
Total 158 germplasm and breeding lines screened
Six lines, namely AL 1789,
AL1823, AL 1836, CORG6012,
AF650 and H05-35 were found
resistant to moderately resistant
Screening of Pigeonpea Genotypes
PAU- Ludhiana
Name of line
PSB incidence (%)
Mini sick plot
Green house
AL1789
5.5
20.0
AL1823
9.5
15.0
AL1836
4.2
20.0
CORG6012
0.0
10.0
AF-650
6.0
10.0
H05-35
5.7
15.0
Screening of pigeonpea advance germplasm/ breeding
lines
RAKCA- Sehore
Total 80 germplasm lines obtained from IIPR, Kanpur were
screened in PB sick plot during 2014-15
• Six germplasm lines
(GRGK 1 KPL 43, PG
27,KA 12-3, MA 6 and
KA 12-2) were
moderately resistant
to PB.
Screening of pigeonpea advance germplasm/ breeding
lines
RAKCA- Sehore
• Eleven advance germplasm
lines (RVSA 07-3, RVSA 07-9,
RVSA 07-10, RVSA 07-5, RVSA
11-14, RVSA 07-21, RVSA 0722, RVSA 07-29, RVSA 07-31,
RVSA 07-33 and RVSA 07-17)
from Sehore were moderately
resistant to PSB.
• Four lines (RVKT 202, RVKT
208, RVKT 207 and RVKT 204)
from Khargone were also
moderately resistant.
PB resistant/tolerant lines identified/confirmed
ICRISAT
BHU
PAU
RAKCA
ICPL 99004
ICPL 99008
ICPL 99009
ICPL 99048
ICPL 99099
ICPL 20124
ICPL 20135
ICPL 11254
ICPL 11264
ICPL 11265
ICPL 11270
ICPL 11273
ICPL 20114
ICPL 20331
MN 1
15 lines
3 lines from
farmers field
selection
AL 1789
AL1823
AL 1836
CORG6012
AF650
H05-35
GRGK 1
KPL 43
PG 27
KA 12-3
MA 6
KA 12-2
3 lines
6 lines
6 lines
Total -30 lines identified with resistant/tolerant reaction to PB
Technology exchange and capacity building
Training of NARS partners
• Hands on training for the RA’s
@ICRISAT in isolation,
identification and screening
technique of PB
• Information shared through
various training programs
organized by institute such as
Brainstorming session on
pigeonpea, field days, exposure
visits etc.
• PhD students
Technology exchange and capacity building
Publications
Participation in forthcoming symposium “ Phytophthora: Taxonomy, Genomics,
Pathogenicity……..Management” at IIHR Banglore.
Activities for year 2015-16
Logical framework : 2015-16
Major Activities
2015-16
ICRISAT
PAU
BHU
RAKCA
Project planning, review, implementation meeting
X
X
X
X
Variability studies on PB pathogen
X
X
X
X
Evaluation of more pigeonpea advance lines
X
X
X
X
Confirmation of PB resistant/tolerant lines
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Seed multiplication of PB resistant/tolerant lines
X
X
X
X
Evaluation of identified resistant lines at hot spots
X
X
X
X
Testing the potential of fungicides
X
X
X
X
Studies on Integrated disease management of PB
X
X
X
X
Half yearly and annual progress report
X
X
X
X
Sharing the resistant lines with project partners and
Identify lines with stable &broad based resistance
Year 3 (2015-16) : Activities
 Variability studies on PB pathogen P. cajani to
determine diversity/pathptype scenario in India




Collection and isolation of more number of isolates
Study variability of pathogen using host differentials
Identify the pathotypes avialable in India
Diversity study of the pathogen using molecular marker(s)
ICRISAT
BHU
PAU
RAKCA
: AP, TS, MH, KA
: UP
: Punjab
: MP & CG
Cont…
Year 3 (2015-16) : Activities
Evaluation
of
pigeonpea
germplasm/composite
core/selected lines/breeding materials
Institute
No of lines
Environment
ICRISAT
• Composite core- 1290
• Wilt & SMD resistant
breeding lines- 50
• Shared lines from the
partners
• Confirmation of reistance
Controlled environment
and natural condition
BHU
600
Natural condition
PAU
250 Germplasm/ breeding
lines
50 Advance breeding lines
Controlled environment
RAKCA
100 germplasm and AICRP
advance lines
Sick plot
Cont…
Activity:
Confirmation of PB resistant/tolerant lines identified in
previous year at all locations
 Evaluation using
large number of
seeds
with
respective
isolate in each
location
 All Partners has
already shared
seed of resistant
lines
ICRISAT
BHU
PAU
RAKCA
ICPL 99004
ICPL 99008
ICPL 99009
ICPL 99048
ICPL 99099
ICPL 20124
ICPL 20135
ICPL 11254
ICPL 11264
ICPL 11265
ICPL 11270
ICPL 11273
ICPL 20114
ICPL 20331
MN 1
3 resistant
lines and 500
MR lines
from farmers
field
selection
AL 1789
AL1823
AL 1836
CORG6012
AF650
H05-35
GRGK 1
ICP 8863
KPL 43
PG 27
KA 12-3
MA 6
KA 12-2
Year 2 (2014-15) : Activities
 Seed multiplication of PB resistant lines
Seed will be multiplied at respective partner location
 Evaluation of PB resistant lines at multi-locations
Project locations and few selected other PB locations
Activity:
Testing the potential of fungicides at all locations
In vitro efficacy of fungicides against the growth of P. cajani
-Mefenoxam & Ridomil MZ, Fluxapod, Azaxi, any trizol group fungicide.
SA, BABA
 Effect of fungicides on the growth & zoospore production
 Effect of fungicides on the incidence of PB in greenhouse/field
 Seed treatment with the best fungicide and treatment from in vitro
study
Testing the potential of fungicides + HPR + Cultural
practices at all locations
Outlook for the future……breeding strategy(S)
Duration group of identified PB resistant/tolerant genotypes (Early/medium/late)
Yield trial of identified PB resistant/tolerant genotypes in respective zones: EarlyNWPZ, medium- CZ & SZ, Late- NEPZ
Screening of PB resistant/tolerant genotypes for multiple disease resistance (Wilt
and SMD)
Pedigree analysis of PB
resistant/tolerant genotypes
for identification of parents
Screening of identified
parents against PB
Best genotype(s) selected will
serve as a donor for PB
Genotype(s) with multiple
disease resistance
Multi-location trials
Promising genotype(s) will
be released
Acknowledgements
 National Food Security Mission, Govt. of India, Ministry of
Agriculture, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation,
New Delhi for providing funding support
 SAU’s and regional research centers for helping in
conducting the surveys.
 Legumes pathology staff /students @ICRISAT
 Project partners-BHU, PAU, RAKCA
Thank you!
Thank you !
ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium
Thank you!
Budget
Year 2
Sanctioned budget: Rs. 82.49 lakhs
Released amount: Rs. 65.50 lakhs
Funds spent : Rs. 59.89 lakhs
Pigeonpea

Second most important pulse
crop contributing ~16% to
Indian pulse production

Multiple uses
Sustainability of cropping system
Human nutrition
Soil nutrition
Cattle nutrition
Resource conservation
Drought tolerant
 Grown in wide range of agroecological environment

Phytophthora blight : Present status
 Emerging threat to pigeonpea production under climate
change scenario
 Frequency of PB occurrence increased drastically in
recent years
 Erratic and changed rainfall distribution, temporary
flooding major predisposing factors to PB
Pathogen &Insect-pest
 Causes significant yield losses irrespective of cropping
system, soil types and cultivars
 Information on etiology, biology & epidemiology limited
 Sources of resistance to PB not available