Unit 1A

Quantities and Relationships

Lesson 1 Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, and Relation

Complete the “Build a Function” Activity on the handout provided.

Students will be able to: Analyze a relation in order to determine the independent and dependent quantities

The Flushing of a Toilet

Independent and Dependent Variables

Continuous and Discrete Data

In an Algebraic situation,

equation, table, or graph, the

variables (usually x and y) can be classified as either __________ or _________.

Independent Variable The independent variable is always located on the _________ of a graph.

The independent variable STANDS ALONE (___________).

The variable in a function whose value is subject to choice is the independent variable. The independent variable affects the value of the dependent variable.

Dependent Variable The dependent variable is always located on the _________ of a graph.

The dependent variable DEPENDS on the ________________.

Dependent Variable

The variable in a function whose value is determined by the independent variable.

Let’s Practice!

1. A student’s grade depends on how much she studies.

Independent variable:__________ Dependent variable:___________ 2. The height of a plant and the amount you water it.

Independent variable: ___________ Dependent variable: _____________

3. The amount of money you make and the number of hours you work.

4. The number of sodas you buy and the total money spent.

5. The number of houses you can paint depends on how much time you have.

Independent variable:______________ Dependent variable:_______________

Continuous Data Data that is continuous is data that _________ happens. You can usually tell that your data is continuous if you are _________ something (i.e. time, distance, length, height, etc.). If your data is continuous, then you will _________ the points on your graph.

Discrete Data

You can tell that your data is discrete if you are ________________________ (i.e. number of people, cars, or stories of a building). If your data is discrete, then you will _____________ the points on your graph.

NOT connect

Let’s Practice

Look at the situations given in examples 1-5. Decide if the situation would best be classified as either discrete or continuous data.

1. A student’s grade depends on how much she studies.

continuous 2. The height of a plant and the amount you water it.

continuous 3. The amount of money you make and the number of hours you work.

discrete 4. The number of sodas you buy and the total money spent.

discrete 5. The number of houses you can paint depends on how much time you have.

continuous

Example

Kadence collected data on the number of push-ups she could do in 2 minutes. The table below shows her data .

Time (seconds) Total # Push-ups 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 0 4 7 9 12 17 20 22 24 27 30 31 35 a. What is the independent variable?

b. Is the data continuous or discrete?

Time (seconds) Discrete – counting push-ups

Match each scenario card with its graph.

1. Can’t Wait to Hit the Slopes!

Andrew loves skiing—he just hates the ski lift ride back up to the top of the hill. For some reason the ski lift has been acting up today. His last trip started fine. The ski lift traveled up the mountain at a steady rate of about 83 feet per minute. Then all of a sudden it stopped and Andrew sat there waiting for 10 minutes! Finally, the ski lift began to ascend up the mountain to the top.

2. It’s Magic The Amazing Aloysius is practicing one of his tricks. As part of this trick, he cuts a rope into many pieces and then magically puts the pieces of rope back together. He begins the trick with a 20 foot rope and then cuts it in half. He then takes one of the halves and cuts that piece in half. He repeats this process until he is left with a piece so small he can no longer cut it. He wants to know how many total cuts he can make and the length of each remaining piece of rope after the total number of cuts.

3. Baton Twirling Jill is a drum major for the Altadena High School marching band. She has been practicing for the band’s halftime performance. For the finale, Jill tosses her baton in the air so that it reaches a maximum height of 22 feet. This gives her 2 seconds to twirl around twice and catch the baton when it comes back down.

4. Music Club Jermaine loves music. He can lip sync almost any song at a moment’s notice. He joined Songs When I Want Them, an online music store. By becoming a member, Jermaine can purchase just about any song he wants. Jermaine pays $1 per song.

5. A Trip to School On Monday morning, Myra began her 1.3-mile walk to school. After a few minutes of walking, she walked right into a spider’s web—and Myra hates spiders! She began running until she ran into her friend Tanisha. She stopped and told Tanisha of her adventurous morning and the icky spider’s web! Then they walked the rest of the way to school.

6. Jelly Bean Challenge Mr. Wright judges the annual Jelly Bean Challenge at the summer fair. Every year, he encourages the citizens in his town to guess the number of jelly beans in a jar. He keeps a record of everyone’s guesses and the number of jelly beans that each person’s guess was off by.

7. Something’s Fishy Candice is a building manager for the Crowley Enterprise office building. One of her responsibilities is cleaning the office building’s 200-gallon aquarium. For cleaning, she must remove the fish from the aquarium and drain the water. The water drains at a constant rate of 10 gallons per minute.

8. Smart Phone, but Is It a Smart Deal?

You have had your eye on an upgraded smart phone. However, you currently do not have the money to purchase it. Your cousin will provide the funding, as long as you pay him interest. He tells you that you only need to pay $1 in interest initially, and then the interest will double each week after that. You consider his offer and wonder: is this really a good deal?

Function Families worksheets Identify the independent and dependent quantity for each graph.

We will be completing the remainder of these worksheets during the next several lessons.

Carnegie Textbook Complete pages 15-16.

What is a relation in mathematics?

Relation: A relation is simply a set of ordered pairs. The independent quantities matched up with their dependent quantities.

Explain the difference between an independent and dependent quantity.

How are these quantities identified?

Worksheet: Independent and Dependent Quantities

Looking Towards Tomorrow What is a function?