Transcript WWII.ppt

1941-1945
Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt
Hitler, Mussolini, Tojo
Bell Work
Answer question #1 from your essential
questions sheet.
 Minimum of 4 lines.

The Home front
Complete #1-3 as you read chapter 17, section 1:
1)Define:
 Rationing: Fixed allotment of goods deemed
necessary to the military
 Mobilization: To assemble, prepare, or put into
operation for or as if for war
 George Marshall: Army Chief of Staff during WWII
 WPB: War Production Board
 Manhattan Project: Code name for the secret
research to build an Atomic Bomb from Uranium
The Home front


Create a web of ways American prepared on the home front
Create BAR GRAPHS of the production charts from page 564. Label in
as much detail as possible.
Preparation
for War
1941-1942
Ration cover
Ration Instructions
A typical ration per Adult per week
Butter: 50g
(2oz)
Sugar: 225g
(8oz).
Bacon and ham: 100g
(4oz)
Meat: To the value of
1s.2d (one shilling and
sixpence per week. That is
about 6p today)
Cheese: 2oz Eggs: 1 fresh egg a week.
(50g)
Jam: 450g Dried eggs 1 packet every
(1lb) every four weeks.
two
months.
Margarine: 100g (4oz)
Milk: 3 pints (1800ml)
occasionally dropping
to 2 pints (1200ml).
Tea: 50g (2oz).
Sweets: 350g (12oz)
every four weeks
The Home front: Now vs. Then
Change in…
World War II
(1941-1945)
Operation Iraqi
Freedom (2003-2011)
Fuel purchases
Gasoline rations
increasing gas prices
(not related to the
war?)
Food purchases
Milk and meat rations No Change
Transportation
Carpooling laws
No Change
Recycling &
Conservation
Scrap Iron, rubber,
and aluminum drives
No Change
Taxes
Taxes raised, “War
Bonds” sold
Taxes lowered (not
related to the war)
The Home front: Now vs. Then
Change in…
World War II
(1941-1945)
Operation Iraqi
Freedom (2003-2008)
Support for the
President/Government
71% to 85%
(FDR)
27% to 60%
(BUSH)
Topics in School
Identifying the
No Change
enemy
War production
How to help win the
war
Public Safety Drills
Civil Defense / Air
Raid drills
No Change
The Home front: Now vs. Then
Type II - In what ways was sacrifice on the home
front important during WWII? (6 lines, 5 minutes)
Type I – Why was sacrifice not a priority during the
War in Iraq? (6 lines, 5 minutes)
Total War
Bell Work
Describe what a “Total War” is.
5 lines, 6 minutes.
Women on the Home front





Rosie the Riveter: Popular female from
US propaganda posters. Rosie was
intended to break the myth that
women were weak and could not do
physical labor.
WASPS: Women Air force Service Pilots
WAAC: Women Auxiliary Army Corps
Type I – Why was the role of women required to
change? Was there any long-term significance
associated with this role change? (8 lines, 6
minutes)
Create an illustration to compare & contrast the
role of women before, during and after WWII
Propaganda on the Home front
Propaganda on the Home front
Germany First!
Goals, Strategy & Tactics
Roosevelt and Churchill meet to make war
plans
 Priority #1: Germany – The European
Theatre

– Combined allied offensive (48 countries)
Goals, Strategy & Tactics
BEFORE PEARL
HARBOR
GERMANY
UNITED STATES
Goal
Third Reich to
Defeat of
last 1000 years Totalitarianism
Strategy
Keep US out of
war. Gain
living space
and power
quickly.
Quietly
support allies
while building
American will
to fight
Tactics
Blitzkrieg –
quick wins to
create aura of
invincibility.
Supplied allies
– Lend Lease
Program
Goals, Strategy & Tactics
AFTER PEARL HARBOR
GERMANY
UNITED STATES
Goal
Complete control of
ALL of Europe, N.
Africa, and W. Asia
immediately
Crush Berlin /
Unconditional
Surrender
Strategy
Keep
3 Pronged attack:
South-Italy
(USA/Britain)
East-Poland (USSR)
West-France
(Britain/USA)
playing
Offense
Invade N. Africa to
gain Oil
*Invade USSR
Finish invasion of
Great Britain
Goals, Strategy & Tactics
AFTER
PEARL
HARBOR
GERMANY
UNITED STATES
Tactics
Blitzkrieg

Intensify
Bombings
Demoralize enemy
civilians
Eliminate all “inferior”
races
Create a superior
weapon



Air power to destroy
production of war goods
and morale
Amphibious invasions in
France and Italy
Ground assault moves as a
wave across Europe
Fight in smaller groups,
control only locations of
value (bridges, etc.)
Goals, Strategy & Tactics

Compare & contrast the Goals, strategies
and tactics of the US-Germany in WWII:
Europe + Asia Map
Major Battles: El Alamein
Date
1942
Battle
BATTLE OF EL
ALAMEIN
Significance
British surprise Nazi General Rommel in Egypt.
Nazi retreat to the West.
Major Battles: Stalingrad
Date
1942
Battle
STALINGRAD
Significance
Germans
attack Soviets at southern Russian
city of Stalingrad.
Surrounded Soviets persist for 5 months before
Germans retreated.
1.1 million Soviet deaths.
End of German advance to the east.
Major Battles:
Stalingrad
Major Battles: Operation Torch
Date
1942
Battle
OPERATION
TORCH
Significance
1st
American invasion.
Allies invade Morocco and Algeria to trap
Nazis.
Nazi kicked out of N. African by May 1943.
Major Battles:
Operation Torch
Major Battles: Anzio
Date
JanMay
1944
Battle
ANZIO
Significance
Allies
fighting the Germans just 40 miles from
Rome, Italy.
25,000 Allied casualties.
Major Battles: D-day
Major Battles: D-day
Date
June 6,
1944
Battle
D-Day
p. 575
Significance
Allies
need to get a foothold back in mainland
Europe
Largest military invasion in US History
Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower (Supreme Allied
Commander)
Phantom Army
Omaha and Utah Beaches in Normandy,
France
High seas, fog, rocky cliffs, miscommunication,
chaos
Casualties
Nazi – 320,000 (30,000 killed)
US – 135,000 (29,000 killed)
Britain – 65,000 (11,000 killed)
Major Battles: D-day Map
Major Battles: D-day
D-Day: June 6, 1944
D-Day: June 6, 1944
D-Day: June 6, 1944
D-Day: June 6, 1944
D-Day: June 6, 1944
D-Day: June 6, 1944
D-Day: June 6, 1944
D-Day: June 6, 1944
D-Day: June 6, 1944
D-Day: June 6, 1944
Major Battles: Battle of the Bulge
Date
Battle
Dec 16- Battle of the
27,
Bulge
1944
Significance
The
Germans made their last major effort to
fight back and keep the Allies out of Germany.
Germans broke the allied line in the Ardennes
Forest in Belgium
76,000 Allied casualties needed to crush the
“Bulge”
Major Battles: Dresden
Date
1945 Feb
13/14
Battle
Dresden
Significance
German
city is destroyed by a firestorm after
Allied bombing raids.
Major Battles: Berlin
Date
Battle
April 16, Berlin
1945
Significance
American
lets Soviets enter Berlin first
200,000 Soviets died
US & Russians meet in Berlin to celebrate
Hitler commits Suicide?
Major Battles: VE-Day
Date
May 8,
1945
Battle
V-E Day
Significance
Victory
in Europe Day
Bell Work: D-Day
When was D-Day? What was the
significance of D-day?
6 lines
6 min.
Pacific Theatre: Island Hopping
Goals, Strategy & Tactics
BEFORE PEARL
HARBOR
JAPAN
UNITED STATES
Goal
Economic powerhouse
of Asia - NEED materials
and markets
Defeat of Totalitarianism
Strategy
Keep US out of war…
until Japan is prepared
to defeat them +
Intimidate the enemy
Quietly support allies
(China) while building
American will to fight
Tactics
Pearl Harbor – knockout
punch
Kill civilians, women,
children in China
Quick demoralizing
response – Doolittle Raid.
Goals, Strategy & Tactics
AFTER PEARL
HARBOR
JAPAN
UNITED STATES
Goal
Control ALL of Asia
Crush Tokyo /
Unconditional
Surrender
Strategy
Occupy ALL
locations / fight
anywhere.
Intimidate the
enemy
Island hopping –
capture key
locations to move us
closer to Tokyo.
Tactics
Defend islands with
land, sea, and air
power.
Kamikaze.
Amphibious
assaults.
Perseverance.
Major Battles: Doolittle Raid
Date
April
1942
Battle
Significance
Doolittle Raid 16 US Bombers hit production facilities in Tokyo.
Major Battles: Coral Sea
Date
May
1942
Battle
Battle of the
Coral Sea
Significance
Japanese
Air
battle.
advance towards Australia stopped.
Major Battles: Midway
Date
June
1942
Battle
MIDWAY
Significance
US
destroys 4 Japanese aircraft carriers / 250+
planes
Victory protected Hawaii
US goes on the offensive
Major Battles: Guadalcanal
Date
Battle
August
1942
Guadalcanal
Significance
Japanese
battle
fight to the death (29,000) / 6 month
Major Battles: The Philippines
Date
Oct
1944
Battle
Philippines
Significance
Led
by Gen. Macarthur
US reclaims major island chain
400+ Kamikaze attacks
Major Battles: Iwo Jima
Date
March
1945
Battle
IWO JIMA
“Raising the
flag”
Significance
6
wks. / 20,000 casualties
Needed for final assault on Japan
Morale boost for U.S. Homefront
Major Battles: Iwo Jima
Major Battles: Okinawa
Date
April
1945
Battle
Okinawa
Significance
Needed
for final assault on Japan
7,600 US / 110,000 Japanese lives
Homefront: New Mexico
Major Battles: Hiroshima
Date
Battle
August HIROSHIMA
6, 1945
Significance
Enola
Gay drops Abomb on Hiroshima,
Japan (“Little Boy”)
200,000 deaths, but
no Surrender
Major Battles: Hiroshima
Major Battles: Nagasaki
Date
August
9, 1945
Battle
NAGASAKI
Significance
2nd
A-bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan
(“Fat Man”)
40,000 deaths
Japan submits Unconditional Surrender
Major Battles: V-J Day
Date
August
15,
1945
Battle
V-J Day
Significance
Victory
in Japan Day, end of WWII.
Formal Surrender on Sept. 2, 1945
Atomic Bomb
Bellwork
 Create
a VENN DIAGRAM or a LIST to
compare the European and Pacific
Theatres during WWII.
Bellwork
Should
people
be held
responsible for
actions they
take during
wartime?


Essential Question #4:
What is just or unjust in
war? Does the END
justify the MEANS?
The Aftermath: Human Cost
The
Aftermath:
Japanese Internment
Japanese Internment




Where & When: W. United States, 1942-1945
# of Victims: 110,000+ Japanese-AMERICANS
Alleged Crime: Robbing American citizens of
their civil rights.
Who committed the crime/Justification: FDR / the
government due to “military necessity”.
Bellwork

What is the difference between a
COMBATANT and a NON-COMBATANT?
The Holocaust: The Cause
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

a. Anti-Semitism: Hatred of Jews
b. Jewish success + German Failures = Hate
c. Hitler’s Mein Kampf
 Aryan Supremacy
The Holocaust (Inefficient Methods)




a. 1935 – Nuremberg Laws: Removed civil rights
from Jews
b. 1938 – Kristallnacht “The Night of Broken
Glass”
c. 1939 – Ghettos: Quarantined sections of towns
where Jews were legally forced to live
d. 1941- Einstazgruppen: Four units of SS soldiers
chosen for their brutal ability to kill
The Holocaust (Inefficient Methods)



i.
Gestapo: The Secret State Police (part of the
SS)
ii.
Gas Van: Trucks that filled with exhaust as
they transported Jews
Iii. Mass Shootings: Jews were shot as they fell
into mass graves they had dug themselves
The Holocaust (Efficient Methods)


a. July 31, 1941: Hitler calls for a ‘Final Solution’
to Jewish problem
i.
Bureaucrat: an official who adheres to
rules and regulations
– Avoids personal responsibility
The Holocaust (Efficient Methods)
a. 1942 - Death Camps: Used to kill Jews quickly
i. Poland: Chelmno, Treblinka, Maidanek, Sobibor, Belzec,
*Auschwitz
ii.
Registration: of all Jews in Ghettos
iii.
Deportation: report to train station
iv.
Railroads: took Jews to camps in crowed
cattle cars
v. Labor: building barracks and killing machines
1.
Sonderkommando: Units of Jewish prisoners who
transported bodies of dead Jews
vi.Experimentation: Jews were used as lab subjects
by German doctors and scientists
vii. Death:
1. Gas Chambers: Zylon B was used to kill mass numbers
of Jews in converted shower rooms
2. Crematorium: Ovens or furnaces where prisoners’
Holoca ust
Holocaust
Holocaust
The Holocaust: The Result
I. The Result
 a. Over 6 Million Jews, Gypsys and
Handicapped were killed
 b. Nuremberg Trials
Bellwork - Type I
 How
could one man’s beliefs
extend into a massacre as horrific
as the Holocaust?
 Could this be repeated today?

9 lines
Bellwork - Type I
 Why
were BUREACRATS essential
to carrying out the Holocaust?

7 lines
Holocaust vs. Nanjking Massacre

Create a Venn Diagram comparing the
Holocaust to the Japanese Internment
camps`.
Holocaust v. A-Bomb
 Create
a VENN DIAGRAM to compare
the HOLOCAUST and Atomic Bombing
of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Why was the A-bomb dropped?
Bellwork
 Create
a VENN DIAGRAM to compare
the Pearl Harbor Attack and Atomic
Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
The Big Question – Type I
In WWII did the END justify the MEANS
used by the Axis and Allied countries?
The New
Europe
Homework Quiz
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What country was discussed in the reading?
What year did the USA declare the actions in
the country to be GENOCIDE?
What is Khartoum?
What is the name of the western region of this
country (the place where the genocide is
happening)?
Approximately how many people have been
killed?