Transcript Prelude-toWW2.ppt

Day1 - Bell Work: Type II
Define Nationalism & Militarism
Draw a picture to describe BOTH
10 minutes
Day 1 - Bell Work: Type II
List THREE problems with the Treaty
of Versailles (1919)
5 minutes
Types of Government:
TOTALITARIAN
central gov’t, single party, total
control
Communism: Econ/Gov’t based on one
party’s ideas and state ownership of
property
Fascism: Ultra-nationalistic gov’t led by a
one-party repressive dictator
Absolute Monarchy: determined solely by
the ruler (royal family)
Types of Government:
PLURALISTIC
multiple leaders, shared power,
individual rights/freedoms
Democracy: A gov’t ruled by the people
through elected leaders
Parliamentary Monarchy: A gov’t ruled by
elected lawmakers, with a ceremonial king
or queen.
Leaders
*Cult of Personality: intense devotion to a
particular person
Soviet Union / Russia
Russia
Gov’t: Communism
Leader:
*Joseph Stalin
“Man of Steel”
1924-1953
Russia: Culture/History:
1917 - Bolshevik revolution during WWI.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
a.k.a “The Soviet Union”.
Russia: Key Actions:
Consolidates Gov’t Power.
Genocide: 8 to 20 million Russians killed.
Japan
Japan
Gov’t: Absolute
Monarchy
Leader:
Emperor Hirohito (25 years
old)
*Hideki Tojo:
“The Razor”
Prime Minister in 1941
Japan: Culture/History
Shintoism: required religion involving worship of
many kami (gods) & ancestors.
HONOR.
Lack of land and natural resources.
Japan: Key Actions
1931 - Japan invades
Manchuria (N. China).
Japan withdraws from
League of Nations.
1937 - “China Incident”.
US-China trade = $100
million per year.
Italy
Italy
Gov’t: Fascism
Leader:
*Benito Mussolini
“Il Duce” (The
Leader)
Italy: Culture/History
Post-WWI Depression: High Unemployment,
Food Riots.
1922 - The March on Rome.
Italy: Key Actions
“Black Shirts”: Mussolini’s Fascist Army
Mussolini becomes a Dictator: Prime Minister,
Foreign Minister, Interior Minister
Germany
Germany
Gov’t: Fascism
Leader:
*Adolf Hitler
“The Fuhrer” (The Leader)
Master of Propaganda
Autobiography “Mein Kampf”
(My Struggle)
Anti-Semitic: Hatred of Jews
Germany: Culture/History
Damaged by Versailles Treaty (1919).
Unparalleled poverty, unemployment & inflation.
National Socialist German Workers Party
(NAZI).
Germany: Key Actions
Wanted Lebensraum (living space).
1923 - Beer Hall Putsch.
1932 Election - Nazis win major posts (33%)
1933 - Hitler chosen to be Chancellor.
Reichstag (congress) gives Hitler law-making power.
Third Reich (The New German Empire) would last for
1000 years.
Pact of Steel: Germany and Italy
1939 - Pact of Steel: Hitler (Germany) Forms
alliance with Mussolini (Italy) = the AXIS powers
Day 3 - Bell Work
Type I:
Assume the role of a German teenager in
the 1930’s. What are you thinking, doing,
etcetera?
10 lines, 10 minutes
Day 4 - Bell Work
Create a VENN DIAGRAM to
compare Hitler & Mussolini
Day 4 - Bell Work
Create a VENN DIAGRAM to
compare Hitler & Tojo
Bell Work
What causes people to choose to
follow brutal dictators such as
Mussolini, Stalin, Hitler, and Tojo?
Bell Work
Who am I?
We need 6 volunteers
I. Axis & Allies
Country
Leader’s
Last Name
Leader’s
Specific Type
Axis or Ally
Germany
Hitler
Der Führer
Fascism
Axis
Japan
Tojo
The Razor
Monarchy
Axis
Italy
Mussolini
Il Duce
Fascism
Axis
USSR
Stalin
Man of
Steel
Communism
N/A
Roosevelt
FDR
Democracy
Ally
Parliamentary
Ally
USA
Great
Britain (UK)
Winston
Churchill
Nickname
of
Government
Monarchy
II. Germany starts WWII:
•Motives: Lebensraum, End Depression, Aryan
Race, 3rd Reich
•Hitler’s Expansion: (Steps 1-7)
#1 - Austria
1
Austria
1938
Austria had 6 million
Germans. Lebensraum.
Anschluss or “Union” (Annex)
No fighting needed.
#2 – Czechoslovakia (Sudetenland)
2
Czechoslo
vakia
1938
3 million Germanspeaking people. Abuse
by Czechs.
Lebensraum.
Munich Agreement (Annex).
Neville Chamberlain (GB)
‘Peace in our time’
Appeasement: sacrificing your principles to calm an aggressive
person.
Nazi / Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
Hitler & Stalin (enemies) agree
to never attack each other.
Advantages for Hitler: can
attack Poland, no two-front
war
Advantages for Stalin: time to
build up military
#3 -Poland
3
Poland
1939
German speaking Poles
were being murdered.
Lebensraum.
Blitzkrieg. Poland conquered
in 3 weeks.
Blitzkrieg: “Lightning
War”. Luftwaffe 
Panzers  Infanterie
#4 & #5 4
Denmark
& Norway
1940
5
Netherlands,
Belgium,
Luxembourg
1940
“The Phony War”. Hitler
was “protecting” these
weaker countries.
Blitzkreig
“The Phony War”. Hitler was
“protecting” these weaker
countries.
Blitzkreig.
#6 - France
6
France
1940
Lebensraum.
Maginot line: French
fortification of their
eastern border with
Germany.
Germany invades
from the North
Blitzkrieg. France surrenders
after 6 weeks.
Paris
Surrenders
#7 – Great Britain
7
Britain
1940
Lebensraum.
The Battle of Britain:
German Luftwaffe (air
force) vs. British RAF
(Royal Air Force)
Winston Churchill “We will
never surrender”
Air attack on Great Britain
from newly conquered
German territories.
Battle of Britain
Battle of Britain
*Imagine you are a British civilian living in London during the
Battle of Britain writing their daily journal (10 lines, 10
minutes):
Bell Work
Translate these German words into English and
draw 5 pictures:
Reichstag
Lebensraum
Luftwaffe
Anchluss
Mein Kampf
Reich
Panzer
Blitzkrieg
Fuhrer
Great Leaders & Speeches:
Hitler, Churchill, Roosevelt
Roosevelt & Churchill
Intervention vs. Isolation
Interventionism: theory promoted by
Americans that believed the US should
physically enter WWII to stop the Axis
powers
Isolationism: theory promoted by
Americans that believed the US should
remain neutral and not get involved in any
foreign war
Intervention vs. Isolation
Brainstorm (10minutes): With a partner, brainstorm times in American
history that our government & people were interventionist or
isolationist: (Use your book if necessary)
Isolationism
The Monroe Doctrine
McKinley
Harding
Coolidge
Hoover
Wilson
FDR – “I HATE war”
Intervention
Taft
Teddy Roosevelt
Lyndon B. Johnson
G.H.W. Bush
G.W. Bush
Intervention vs. Isolation:
Pre-December 1941
1940 – Selective service act
Peace time draft of 1 million Men ages
21-35
Western Hemisphere use only
1941 - Lend-Lease Act
Shipments of guns, tanks, planes and
other military equipment to Allies
FDR - “A garden hose” … “To protect
democracy”
Reasons for
Intervention
WWII (Pre-December
1941)
Afghanistan 2001-?
 Our allies had been
attacked
 Totalitarianism was
defeating Pluralism
 Defending
Democracy and
“Freedom”
 Axis countries were
brutal

Reasons for
Isolation
(neutrality)
WWII (Pre-December
1941)
Afghanistan
 The war was in Europe
(not N. America)
 The Axis had not
declared war on the
USA
 100,000’s of
Americans died in WWI
and we didn’t gain any
land and great benefit

Intervention vs. Isolation
Choose One (10 lines)
When do you think is it right to be
interventionist? Isolationist?
Argue for or against: FDR, understanding
the futility of isolationism, had a
responsibility to prepare his people for
intervention (war).
Bell Work
Pre-December 1941: List 3 reasons why the
US would be:
Interventionist
Isolationist
Bell Work
Create a VENN DIAGRAM to
compare the USA & Japan
Japan: The Pacific Theatre
Motives
Living space for Japanese citizens
Resources for industrialization (Oil, Ore, Timber, Minerals)
Concerns
Russia is a super power threat from the west
United States is a super power threat from the east
#1 Manchuria
1
Country / Year
Manchuria (N.
China)
1931
Method of conquer
Forceful
US Response
Negotiations
#2 China
2
China
1937
Forceful
Plans for a new Japanese
Empire (p.556)
Greater East Asia CoProsperity Sphere
1940 – Alliance formed with
Germany and Italy
• Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Pact
strengthens the AXIS
powers (p.551)
Steel embargo.
Negotiations.
#3 Indochina
3
Indochina
1940
Forceful
1941 – Japans signs
neutrality pact with
USSR
Why???
Adds OIL, scrap iron, and aviation
gasoline to embargo. Negotiations.
Neutrality Pact
1941 – Japans signs neutrality pact with
USSR
Why???
#4 Indochina | #5 SE Asia
4
S.
Indochina
1941
Forceful
US & Allies freeze Japanese
assets. Stops Trade w/Japan.
Negotiations
5
Japan
wants
SE ASIA
Burma, Malaya, the East
Indies, and the
Philippines
Occupation could mean war.
Negotiations intensify.
Secret Deadline
Tojo sets secret deadline
US settlement by Nov. 29, 1941 or proceed with war
Yamamoto plans a series of swift attacks
• Doesn’t believe Japan can win a long war
US is unaware of deadline and continues
negotiations
6
DEC. 7,
1941
Pearl
Harbor,
Oahu,
Hawaii,
USA
(Territory)
#6 Pearl Harbor
Also on DEC. 7, 1941
Philippines, Guam,
Wake Island, Midway
Island, Hong Kong,
Malaya, Thailand
US Response
“Date that will live in Infamy”
speech. Declaration of War.
Preparation for a two-front war
Map of Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor Facts
300 + Japanese ‘Zeros’
wood modified torpedoes (35-60’ deep harbor)
19 ships destroyed
8 battle ships damaged (USS Arizona)
188 planes destroyed
3,000+ casualties, 2,400 killed soldiers and civilians
+ NO Aircraft carriers in Pearl Harbor
+ All but 2 battles ships repaired
+ 29 Japanese planes shot down
+ Oil facilities intact
Pearl Harbor
Yamamoto: “I fear all we have done is
awakened a sleeping giant”
Dec. 7, 1941
Pearl Harbor
“A date which will live in infamy”
Pearl Harbor: USS
ARIZONA
Pearl Harbor: USS Nevada
Pearl Harbor: USS W. Virginia
Pearl Harbor: The Aftermath
Pearl Harbor: Aftermath
Pearl Harbor: USS Arizona
Memorial
US Intervention
1. Explain what message is
communicated.
2. What event may have
caused this cartoon to be
authored?
‘Pearl Harbor’ Movie
During the movie, keep a list of factual
items you see in the film
Choose 1 Character and take notes on
them.
‘Pearl Harbor’ Movie
Choose 1 Character:
A nurse
A navy sailor
A Japanese Pilot
An American pilot
A Commander
A Mechanic
FDR
Admiral Kimmel
Yamamoto
Dorie Miller
Type I: 8 lines, 8 minutes
Journal - Explain your
ACTIONS and
THOUGHTS as the Pearl
Harbor attack is
occurring.
Bell Work
# a piece of paper
1-10
Make a “To Do” list
that America must
complete to get
ready for war AFTER
Pearl Harbor