Transcript 8.global warming.ppt

BUDAPEST UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMICS
FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL AND
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESS
ENGINEERING
GLOBAL WARMING
PROS AND CONS
Dr. Bajnóczy Gábor
Tonkó Csilla
The pictures and drawings of
this presentation can be used
only for education !
Any commercial use is
prohibited !
Global warming: fact, no doubt
end of summer 2002
August ,1984
Mt. Hood Oregon
THE FACT OF GLOBAL WARMING CAN NOT BE
QUESTIONED
1941
2004
Bruce Molnia,Glacier Bay National Park, 2004, U.S. Geological Survey USA
GLOBAL WARMING: FACT, NO DOUBT
What is the reason?
BECAUSE OF THE PEOLE (LET’S SHAME US)!
UNCONTROLLABLE PROCESS?
Global warming, greenhouse effect
hő
heat
visible
látható
light
fény
CO2
C O2
Energia
energy
elnyelés
dissipation
Drastic increase in carbon dioxide
concentration since the industrial revolution
Greenhouse gases: not only carbon dioxide
Methane  organic matter decomposition (paddy field, landfill)
Nitrous oxide (N2O)  biomass burning, fluidized boiler,
catalytic cars, nitrogen fertilizer
Chlor-fluor-carbon gases  refrigerators, solvents, blowing
GREENHOUSE EFFECT ALWAYS WAS AND ALWAYS WILL BE;
CAUSE: WATER VAPOR
http://www.geocraft.com/WVFossils/TableOfCont.html
They do not beleve in the role of carbon-dioxide.
Water vapor and greenhouse effect
Evaporation increases,
Greenhouse Effect
intensifies
Earth’s average
temperature
increseas
Evaporation increases,
amount of cloud increases,
irradiation decreases, Earth’
average temperature
decreases
PERIODICALLY CHANGING CLIMATE
?
GLOBAL WARMING
Everything is based on
something!
Yes, this may
cause the
warming
This is true, but don’t
cause such a rapid
warming
POSSIBLE CAUSES OF PERIODICALLY CLIMATE CHANGE
1. Periodically change of solar flares
(period of time: 11 and 206 years)
2. Change of Earth’s elliptical orbit
around the Sun
(period of time: 100 000 years)
irradiation change - about 0,2%
POSSIBLE CAUSES OF PERIODICALLY CLIMATE CHANGE
3. Angle of Earth’s Axis change
(period of time: 41 000 years)
4. Change of day and night equal date
(period of time: 22 00 years)
irradiation change – about 15%
During an equinox, the Earth is not tilted
toward or away from the Sun and the
length of the day is the same at all points
on the Earth's surface.
Air pollutant: heating and cooling effect
Particle
pollution
↓
global
cooling?
25% of atmospheric particle are anthropogenic
There were warmer periods!
CO2
average temperature
Better safe than sorry !
Can we do something against global
warming?
European Union
is committed
USA: no commercial
interest
Developing countries
(China, India, etc.):
It’s not the biggest
problem
Renewable energy against the global warming
NO CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION
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Water energy
Solar energy
Wind energy
Geothermal energy
Biomass
Tidal energy (Lunar energy)
Wave energy
Let‘s see the possibilities in Hungary ?
Water energy
It is a real hydroelectric plant
Hydroelectric plants in Hungary
Tiszalök
11,4 MW
Electric power plants in Hungary
Kisköre
~ 9400 MW
No level differences on flat area !
28 MW
Solar energy
IT IS SAID, IT IS FREE, LET US USE IT.
Low energy density:
1kW/m2
What is the situation in Hungary?
Incoming: july 5 kWh/m2day
Available: july 2,8 kWh/m2day
jan. 1,5 kWh/m2day
jan. 1,1 kWh/m2day
DOMESTIC HOT WATER SUPPLY (FAMILY HOUSE)
200 dm3 60°C water/day claims: 14 kWh/day
Collector surface: ≈ 12 – 15 m2
DOMESTIC HEATING (100 m2 FAMILY HOUSE)
Average heat output (6 winter moth): 1,4 kWh/m2. It' average is far from the peak !!
claims: 1400 m2
Collector surface: ≈ 140 - 180 m2
Domestic hot water: YES
Heating: Not enough
Solar power plant
464 000 m2 collector area
80 MW
Wind energy
Well known from ancient time
Wind energy
Wind farms on land and off shore
1 MW wind turbine: height : 45 meter, rotor diameter : 55 meter
Europe’s wind turbine output: ≈ 40 000 MW
Problem: the storage of electric energy.
If there is no wind, a conventional fast response power plant capacity
must be available.
Geothermal energy
Geothermal energy
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Hungary’s potential in geothermal energy is quite remarkable
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Problem: thermal waste
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The currently used methods for the discharge of utilized thermal
water involves: direct discharge into sub-surface water sources
(reinjection), discharge into periodical water courses and discharge
into receiving waters directly or indirectly (through drainage).
Only about 20 are injection wells, although recent legislation
prohibits new geothermal systems from being established without
injection; only waters used for balneotherapy are allowed to be
discharged at the surface.
Energy from biomass
Realistic in Hungary ?
Different sources
Wood
Used for hundreds of years.
Forest area is not too much in
Hungary.
forest
chips
pellet
Energy from biomass
energy plants instead of wood
Szarvas energy grass
Energy
willow
35 km2
whole area of Hungary
Energy poplar
1 and 3 years old
1 MW
2657 MW