• Stem-and-leaf plots and dot plots • Pie charts and Pareto charts • Scatter plots and time series charts

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72 64 54 44 

Constructing a Stem and Leaf Plot

Use a stem-and-leaf plot to organize the ages of the 50 richest people data set listed in the Chapter Opener on page 37. What can you conclude?

89 81 89 80 87 78 86 78 86 77 85 76 83 73 83 73 82 73 69 63 54 43 69 61 53 42 68 61 53 36 67 60 51 35 66 59 51 66 58 49 65 57 47 65 56 46

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6 9 9 8 7 6 6 5 5 4 3 1 1 0 7 8 8 7 6 3 3 3 2 8 9 9 7 6 6 5 3 3 2 1 0

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Constructing Variations of Stem-and-Leaf Plots

Using two rows for each stem, revise the stem-and-leaf plot you constructed in the previous example.

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3 3 5 6 4 2 3 4 4 6 7 9 5 1 1 3 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 6 0 1 1 3 4 6 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 9 7 2 3 3 3 7 6 7 8 8 8 0 1 2 3 3 8 5 6 6 7 9 9

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Constructing a Dot Plot

Use a dot plot to organize the ages of the 50 richest people data set listed below. What can you conclude from the graph?

89 81 72 64 54 44 89 80 69 63 54 43 87 78 69 61 53 42 86 78 68 61 53 36 86 77 67 60 51 35 85 76 66 59 51 83 73 66 58 49 83 73 65 57 47 82 73 65 56 46

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Constructing a Pie Chart

The numbers of earned degrees conferred (in thousands) in 1990 are shown in the table. Use a pie chart to organize the data. (Source: U.S. National Center for Educational Statistics) Type of Degree Associate’s Bachelor’s Master’s First Professional Doctoral Number (thousands) 455 1052 325 71 38

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Associate Bachelor Master First Professional Doctoral

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Constructing a Pareto Chart

Every year, the Better Business Bureau (BBB) receives complaints from customers. In a recent year, the BBB received the following complaints.

7792 complaints about home furnishing stores 5733 complaints about computer sales and service stores 14,668 complaints about auto dealers 9728 complaints about auto repair shops 4649 complaints about dry cleaning companies Use a Pareto chart to organize the data. What source is the greatest cause of complaints? (Source: Council of BBB’s)

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BBB Complaints

16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 Auto Dealers Auto Repair Home Furnishing Computers Dry Cleaning

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Interpreting a Scatter Plot

The lengths of employment and the salaries of 10 employees are listed in the table below. Graph the data using a scatter plot. What can you conclude?

Length of employment (in years)

5 4 8 4 2 10 7 6 9 3

Salary (in dollars)

32,000 32,500 40,000 27,350 25,000 43,000 41,650 39,225 45,100 28,000

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Years of Employment vs. Salary

50000 45000 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Years of Employment

8 9 10 11

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Constructing a Time Series Chart

Use the table to construct a time series chart for subscribers’ average local monthly cellular telephone bills for the years 1998 through 2008. What can you conclude?

Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Average bill (in dollars) 39.43

41.24

45.27

47.37

48.40

49.91

50.64

49.98

50.56

49.79

50.07

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Cellular Telephone Monthly Bills

45 43 41 39 37 35 55 53 51 49 47 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Year

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008