Transcript /kums_content/media/image/2015/05/58315_orig.ppt

Scales to measure post trauma effects in children
and parents cognition about the trauma’s
psychosocial consequences on children
Najibeh Atazadeh (MSPH student)
Dr Abdolreza Shaghaghi (Associate Professor of Community Health)
Dr Hamid Allahverdipour (Professor of Health Education & Promotion)
Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Introduction
• Millions of children are experiencing traumas in
consequence of natural or manmade disasters such as
earthquake, hurricane and war annually.
• These traumas may cause serious short/long time
physical and mental complications and add extra
burden on the affected communities’ health indices.
Introduction
• The existent research evidence are suggesting that a psychiatric
problems among disaster-exposed youth could possibly lead to
long-term mental health consequences.
• The psychopathologic problems following disasters may vary
from anxiety disorders, depression disorders, posttraumatic stress
disorder (PTSD), panic and phobias in children and adults but
their occurrence in children has much more significance.
Introduction
• Understanding how children experience traumatic events and
accurate assessment of these effects is therefore; pivotal for
planning appropriate interventions to promote quality of life
amongst survivors.
• This systematic review was conducted to provide a cumulative
research evidence about the measurement tools that were
introduced to assess the trauma effects.
Methods
• Google Scholar, SID, PsycInfo, Medlib, MedLine, and PubMed
databases were speculated for the publications reporting the
assessment tools of traumas’ effect.
• Special focus was on scales that were introduced to measure
traumas’ general effect, psychosocial distress, fear, prolonged
grief, anxiety and depression in children aged 8 to 12 years and
also parents' cognition of the effects on children.
Methods
• The following search terms were selected based on the
MeSH guideline: ("anxiety" or "fear" or "depression" or
“psychosocial distress” or “prolonged grief” or "trauma
general effect") AND "weights and measures“) OR
("cognition" and "parents‘) AND "weights and
measures“).
• The scales names their specifications, year of
introduction, eligible age range to be applied and number
of included items in each scale were tabulated.
Results
Trauma general effect
6 scales
Psychosocial Distress
1 scales
Fear
3 scales
Depression
8 scales
Anxiety
7 scales
Prolonged Grief
5 scales
Parents' cognition about traumas’ general effects
3 scales
Parents' cognition about traumas’ effects on children
0 scale
Trauma General Effect
Title
Post-Traumatic Cognitions
Inventory – child version
Children’s Revised Impact of Event
Scale
Child Trauma Screening
Questionnaire
Trauma Memory Quality
Questionnaire
Acronym
Source
CRIES-8
MeiserStedman et
al
Perrin
et al
CTSQ
Kenardy
et al
PTCI
MeiserTMQQ
Stedman
et al
Child Reaction to Traumatic Events
Jones,
Scale - Revised
CRTES
Fletcher,
Ribbe
Traumatic Events Screening
TESI-CRF-R/
Ippen
Inventory – Revised
TESI-PRF-R
et al
Year of
pub
#Items
Ages
2009
25
6-18
2005
8
8+
Language(s)
English
Persian
Arabic …
English
Persian
Arabic …
2006
10
7-16
English
Arabic
Croatian
2007
11
10-18
English
2002
23
6-18
English
Spanish
2002
24
6-18
English
Psychosocial Distress
Title
Acronym
Source
Year of
pub
Child Psychosocial
Distress Screener
CPDS
Jordans et al
2008
#Items Ages
7
8-14
Language(s)
English
Fear
Title
Year of
pub
#Items
Ages
Language(s)
FSSC-R
Thomas,
Ollendick
1983
80
7-18
English
Children's Fear Survey Schedule
CFSS
Ryell &
Dieteker
1979
48
4-12
English
Louisville Fear Schedule for
Children
LFSC
1972
81
6-16
English
Fear Survey Schedule for
Children-Revised
Acronym
Source
Miller
et al
Depression
Title
Acronym
Source
Mood and feelings
questionnaire
MFQ
Angold and
Costello
Reynolds child depression
scale
RCDS
Reynolds
Weinberg Depression Scale
for Children and
Adolescents
WDSCA
Year of
pub
1987
#Items
Ages
Language(s)
32
8-18
English
30
8-12
English
1989
Center for Epidemiological CES-DC
Studies Depression Scale
Modified for Children
Warren A
et al
1998
56
5-21
English
Weissman
et al
1980
20
6-17
English
Depression
Title
Acronym
Source
Year of
pub
#Items
Ages
Language(s)
Children's Depression Scale
CDS
Lang and
Tisher
1978
50
7-18
English
Children's Depression Symptom
Inventory
CDI
Kovacs
1992
27
7-17
English
Mood and Feelings Questionnaire
MFQ
Angold
and
Costello
1987
32
8-18
English
Reynolds Child Depression Scale
RCDS
Reynolds
1989
30
8-12
English
Anxiety
Title
Screen for Child Anxiety Related
Disorders
SCARED Brief Assessment of Anxiety
and PTS Symptoms
Acronym
Source
SCARED
Birmaher
et al
Year #Items
of pub
Ages
Language(s)
Arabic
Chinese
English…..
1995
41
8-18
2000
9
7-18
SCARED
brief version
Muris et al
SCAS
Spence
1998
45
8-12
Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety
Scale
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for
Children
Revised Child Anxiety and Depression
Scale
RCMAS
1978
37
6-18
STAIC
Reynolds and
Richmond
Spielbeger
English
Arabic Chinese
English
German….
English
1973
40
9-12
English
RCADS
Chorpita et al
2000
47
8-17
English
Spanish…..
Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for
Children, 2nd Edition
MASC2
John S
2012
50
8-19
English
Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale
Prolonged Grief
Title
Inventory of Prolonged Grief for
Children
Inventory of Complicated Grief
Inventory for Complicated GriefRevised for Children
Complicated Grief Assessment-C
(Child/Adolescent Version)-Long
Form
Acronym
Source
IPG-C
Spuij, M
et al
Prigerson
et al
ICG-RC
Melhem,N et
al
CGA-C
Nader,K
Long Form Prigerson,H
Year of pub #Items
2011
30
Ages
Language(s)
8-12
English
ICG
Complicated Grief Assessment
CGA-C
Interview (Child Version)-Short Form Short Form
Prigerson, H
et al
1995
19
8-17
English
Persian
2007
28
8-17
English
2009
28
7-17
English
2010
12
7-17
English
Scales to assess Parents' Cognition
Title
Acronym
Source
Year of
pub
#Items
Age
Language(s)
Crisis Support Scale
CSS
Joseph et al
1992
14
Adults
English
Post-Traumatic Cognitions Inventory
PTCI
Foa et al
1999
33
Adults
English
LOT-R
Scheier et al
1994
10
Adults
English
Deutsche
Life Orientation Test-Revised
Discussion
• During the past 10-15 years, a growing number of publications
were identified that reporting the measurement tools to assess
traumas’ effects in children and adolescents.
• Different types of scales were recognized to measure fear,
prolonged grief and psychosocial distress specifically in young
children but a sizable number of measures were not validated
for Persian speaking populations.
Discussion
• No scale was identified for assessment of parents'
cognition about effects of traumas on children.
• Selection bias was a probability in this review due to
the limitations in access to the paid full text
materials and also inclusion of the publications that
were only written in English or Persian.
Conclusion
• Cross-cultural validation of the scales to measure
traumas’ effects on children could be a promising
research area for the Iranian researchers.
• Designing a measurement scale of parents' cognition
about effects of traumas on children is necessary. It
could help planning of evidence based intervention
programs.
Thanks for your attention