Major Conflict and Outcomes of World War II Chapter 26 p. 806 – 838 Primarily p. 814- 822

• • • • • • Origins of World War II March 15, 1939 Hitler invaded and took control of Western Czechoslovakia Declared he would be the greatest German of all France & Britain begin negotiations with the Soviet Union August 23, 1939 Germany and the Soviet Union sign the Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact September 1, 1939 Germany invaded Poland September 3, 1939 Britain and France declare war on Germany

• • • • • Japanese Path to War Sept. 1931 seized Manchuria Began to spread into Northern China • Communists July 1937 – Chinese & Japanese forces clash in Beijing December 1937 – Rape of Nanjing • Indochina U.S. objected & threatened to impose economic sanctions

Two Sides • • • •

Allied Powers Great Britain France United States

(after Dec 7, 1941)

Soviet Union

(after Summer 1941) • • •

Axis Powers Germany Italy Japan

Europe at War • • • Germany stunned Europe with speed & efficiency of attack on Poland Blitzkrieg or “lightning war” used armored columns, called panzer divisions, supported by airplanes Within 4 weeks –Sept 28, 1939– Poland surrendered and was divided between Germany & the Soviet Union

• • • • • • Hitler’s Early Victories April 9, 1940– Blitzkrieg against Denmark & Norway May 10, 1940 – Germany launched an attack on Belgium, the Netherlands, & France Main assault was through Luxembourg Raced across northern France; France signed an armistice on June 22 Approximately 3/5 of France occupied by German armies Vichy France– authoritarian regime under Germany control ruling the rest of France

• • • Battle of Britain Germany realized an Amphibious (land & sea) invasion could only be successful if Germany gained control of the air August 1940, the Luftwaffe, German air force – launched a major offensive, bombing British air & naval bases, harbors, communication centers, and war industries In September after British bombed Berlin, Germany began bombing cities to weaken British morale.

Attack on Soviet Union • • • • Germany had no desire for a two front war, but were convinced Britain only remained in the war b/c it expected Soviet support. June 22, 1941 – Germany invaded the Soviet Union Massive attack stretched across 1800 miles through Ukraine, Leningrad, and a third 25 miles from Moscow (the Soviet capital) Early winter & fierce resistance halted the German advance

Pearl Harbor • • in the Hawaiian Island Hoped to destroy the US fleet in the • • • control of the Pacific BUT… it unified American opinion about being involved in the war defeat Japan Believing American involvement in the Pacific would make them ineffective in the the United States December 11, 1941

http://www.thesoundsofhistory.com/pearlharbor.html

El Alamein • • mind. In North Africa, German forces under • • Alexandria. British forces stopped Rommel at El Alamein – Summer 1942 – causing Germans to retreat across desert November 1942 – British & American forces invaded French North Africa– forced May 1943

Stalingrad • • • • Major industrial center on the Volga One of the most terrible battles of the war Nov 1942 – Feb 2, 1943 – Soviet troops stopped, encircled, & cut off supply lines of Germans Entire German sixth army, considered best of the German troops, were forced to surrender

ASIAN THEATER

• • • Battle of Midway Island Turning point of war in Asia June 4, 1942 US planes destroyed attacking Japanese aircraft carriers Established US naval superiority in the Pacific

• • • • • • Guadalcanal Campaign Aug 7, 1942 – Feb 9, 1943 First major offensive launched by Allied Forces against the empire of Japan First significant strategic combined arms victory Combined Allied land, naval, and air forces – 60,000 ground forces (allied) v. 36,200 Japanese ground forces Marked transition to Allied offensive rather than defensive Island – hopping approach promoted by generals such as Douglas MacArthur

• • • • • • •

The Battle for the Philippines

1941 – 1942 US and Filipino forces led by General Douglas MacArthur Japan wanted to remove as a US base Japan invaded but were strongly resisted US- Filipino outnumbered Japanese but were low on food & medical supplies and lacked air support (attacked by Japanese 12/7/41) Japanese victory but became a symbol of hope for US in early days of war and caused Japan to expend more resources than they had planned Clearly showed US was unprepared for war in 1941

• • • • End of War in Europe June 4, 1944 – Rome fell to Allies after heavy casualties as Allies fought through Italy June 6, 1944 – D – Day – Allied forces under US General Dwight D. Eisenhower landed on the Normandy Beaches in history’s greatest naval invasion. Fought past mines, barbed wire, and machine gun fire to establish a beachhead Within 3 months, Allies had landed 2 million men & half a million vehicles into France

D-Day Photos • • • • • x.html

http://www.6juin1944.com/espace/omaha/ cartomah.php

http://www.6juin1944.com/espace/omaha/ omaha.php?ref=memoria&id=1&idmax=10 http://www.6juin1944.com/cimetier/index.

php?cim=collevil&id=1 http://www.6juin1944.com/cimetier/index.

php?cim=james&id=9

• • • • • •

End of the War in Europe Continued…

In August 1944 the Allies liberated Paris March 1945 advanced into Germany Battle of Kursk, July 5 -12, greatest tank battle of WWII- Soviets defeated Germany April 30, 1945 – Hitler committed suicide May 7, 1945 – German commanders surrendered May 8, 1945 – VE Day

• • • • • • • • End of the War in Asia Harry S. Truman became President of the U.S. April 1945 Hoped using the atomic weapons would keep the US from having to invade Japan August 6, 1945 – Bombing of Hiroshima August 9, 1945 – Bombing of Nagasaki http://www.gensuikin.org/english/photo.html

Both cities were leveled; thousands died immediately and thousands more from radiation in the months following August 14, 1945 – Japan surrendered August 15, 1945 – VJ Day

Summary Results of WWII • • • • • Total deaths approximately 62 million Civilian deaths approximately 32 million Military deaths approximately 24 million Holocaust deaths- Jewish 6 million Total destruction of Europe

Country China France Germany Italy Japan Poland Soviet Union United Kingdom United States Totals

Results of World War II

Military deaths Civilian deaths Jewish Holocaust deaths Total deaths

3,000,000 212,000 5,500,000 306,400 2,000,000 400,000 10,700,000 382,600 407,300 24,456,100 7,000,000 267,000 1,840,000 145,100 600,000 2,200,000 11,500,000 67,800 11,200 32,326,600 83,000 160,000 8,000 3,000,000 1,000,000 5,754,000 10,000,000 562,000 7,500,000 459,500 2,600,000 5,600,000 23,200,000 450,400 418,500 62,536,700

Each symbol indicates 100,000 dead in the appropriate theater of operations