Transcript chapter 7-3 cell membrane and cell transport jhs2011

Biology
1 Nov.
Please start a NEW PAGE for your warm-up &
answer using FULL sentences.
1. Did you study for yesterdayexam?
* If YES – HOW did you study?
* If NO – WHY didn’t you study?
2. List additional 3 ways you COULD HAVE
studied.
3. Exam corrections – Half credit
Grade less than 75% … be here or expect a
phone call home!
Thursday 11/3:
 Homeroom, Lunch or After School (be here by 2:45)
Friday 11/4: Lunch or After School
 Before school (I’m here by 7AM)
Inquiry
 Core Content: Conducting Analyses and Thinking Logically
 Apply the scientific inquiry process to investigate the
natural world.
 Generate and evaluate questions, scientific investigation,
natural world, analyze data, conclusions
 Understand and apply communication, collaboration,
and scientific honesty to the advancement of science.
 Hypotheses, evidence, theory, testable predictions,
reliability, communication, validity, intellectual honesty
1-3 November, 2011
 Read the article. “Strange But True: Drinking Too Much
Water Can Kill”
 Answer questions about the article in the back of
your lab book (warmup section).
 Too Much Water
http://www.webmd.com/video/benefits-of-water
Cell membranes are made of
molecules called PHOSPHOLIPIDS
 Lipid = FATS/OILS
How do oils respond to
water?
 Not attracted to water
HYDROPHOBIC
 Water-fearing
Phosphate “heads”
 Attracted to water
HYDROPHILIC
 Water-liking
Cell membranes are a “Bilayer”
•Two layers of phospholipids
•Inside: hydrophobic tail
•Outside: hydrophilic heads
Think: Doublestuff OREO
cookie.
The PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER
is the basic structure of cell
membranes.
Animation:
http://www.yellowtang.org/animations/bilayer.swf
What’s all that “stuff” in the
membrane?
Membrane Permeability: http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/tdc02_int_membraneweb/
Cell Membranes
Membranes are not
“frozen” structures, like
a brick wall.
They are fluid!
Fluid = Able to move.

Animation:
http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/lipids
/membrane%20fluidity.swf
Cell Membranes
 Membrane-spanning proteins + Fluidity
enables molecules to get into and out
of cells.
 Membrane Permeability:
http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/tdc02_int_
membraneweb/
 Faciltated Diffusion:
 http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapte
r2/animation__how_facilitated_diffusion_works.h
tml
Cellular Transport
Ch. 7-3
Adapted from Brookings.com
http://www.brookings.k12.sd.us/biology/transport.htm
http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_main.html
Teacher’s Domain
 http://www.teachersdomain
.org/asset/tdc02_int_memb
raneweb/
Kidspiration by: Riedell
See a video clip
about
DIFFUSION-7A
Diffusion
http://lhs.lps.org/staff/sputnam/Biology/U3Cell/diffusion_1.png
Animatioin from: http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/diffusion-animated.gif
Molecules move
A LOT
_______“where there’s _______”
FROM
____“where
there’s NOT
_______”
to
DIFFUSION across a space
Happens anytime there is a
DIFFERENCE
__________ in concentration in
one place compared to another
Concentration gradient
= ________________________
DIFFUSION across a SPACE
DOWN the concentration gradient
_______
from an area of _______
Higher concentration ____
to an area of
________
Lower concentration
Molecules move automatically _______
 EXAMPLES
Blue dye in beaker demo,
Someone making popcorn/grilling out
Strong perfume,
Bad smell in room
http://leighhouse.typepad.com/blog/images/kool_aid.jpg
http://www.swapmeetdave.com/Humor/Farts.htm
DIFFUSION across a space
equal everywhere
Diffusion continues until the concentration is ________________
in space
Equilibrium
= ________________________
http://lhs.lps.org/staff/sputnam/Biology/U3Cell/diffusion_1.png
Molecules need
to move across
membranes in
cells
Image modiified from: http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/importProt.html
across a
Diffusion can happen ________
membrane in a cell, too
_____________
pass through
…as long as membrane will let the molecule _________________
VOCAB
SOLUTE
_____________ = substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a
solution
SOLVENT
_____________ = substance in which a solute is dissolved
http://www.makash.ac.il/h_school/hst/hstsb/chem/luach/dissolve.jpg
Images by Riedell
CONCENTRATION
__________________
volume of solution
= mass of a solute in a given
MORE molecules there are in a given
The _______
volume the ____________the
concentration
GREATER
Use new vocab to make Koolaid
Koolaid powder
sugar
Solutes = ______________&
__________
Water
Solvent = ____________
solution
Koolaid drink = ______________
http://www.makash.ac.il/h_school/hst/hstsb/chem/luach/dissolve.jpg
What if there is a difference in
concentration but solute
molecules can’t move across a
membrane?
WATER will move
until concentration
reaches equilibrium
Video of Osmosis
 How Osmosis Works- Prentice Hall
For example…what do you think will
happen? What will move? What will
stay?
Result:
 Why?
Animation: http://www.ouhscphysio.org/humanphys/animations/osmosis1.swf
See an animation
Osmosis1
http://faculty.etsu.edu/currie/images/osmosis1.jpg
Animation
Solute concentration
Lower outside
than inside
Equal outside
and inside
Greater outside
than inside
HYPOTONIC
ISOTONIC
HYPERTONIC
What will happen to an animal cell
placed in different solutions?
Remember:
Cells try to “maintain stable
internal conditions =
HOMEOSTASIS
____________________
http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/biol121/Osmosis/Osmosis.asp
So an animal cell in
ISOTONIC conditions
stays same size
Water entering = water leaving
Video
Choose Blood Isotonic link
If cells can’t maintain
“stable internal conditions” . . .
damage can result and cells can die.
http://www.the-aps.org/education/lot/cell/Quiz.htm
Animation from: http://www.ouhscphysio.org/humanphys/animations/osmosis3.swf
OSMOSIS
See an animation
Osmosis3
Video
Choose Blood
Hypotonic link
HYPOTONIC:
Concentration outside cell is
LESS THAN
________________
inside the cell
More water enters than leaves cell so cell
will ___________________
swell and possibly burst
Animation from: http://www.ouhscphysio.org/humanphys/animations/osmosis4.swf
OSMOSIS
See an animation
OSMOSIS 4
HYPERTONIC: Concentration outside cell is
____________________
inside cell
GREATER THAN
More water leaves cell than enters
so cell ____________
shrinks
Video
Choose Blood
Hypertonic link
http://www.stchs.org/science/courses/sbioa/metenergy/bloodcells.gif
Animal cells
= CYTOLYSIS
_________
= CRENATION
__________
Plant cells
http://www.stchs.org/science/courses/sbioa/metenergy/aplantturgor.gif
CELL
WALL keeps
_____
plant cells from bursting
= PLASMOLYSIS
___________
VACUOLES store WATER
http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_vacuole.html
OSMOTIC PRESSURE
_____________________________
=
Pressure exerted by the movement of water
during osmosis
SO WHAT?
Bath water is
________________
hypotonic
compared to you
Sitting in the bathtub causes your
fingers and toes to wrinkle up
enters
when water ________
your skin
cells by osmosis
Grocery stores spray water on their
veggies to “plump them up”
http://www.painetworks.com/photos/gt/gt0461.JPG
SO
WHAT?
CELL EXAMPLE:
DIFFUSION automatically moves oxygen from HIGHER concentration (in
lungs)
to a LOWER concentration (in blood)
CO2 automatically moves
from where there is a
HIGHER concentration
(in blood) to where there
is a lower concentration
(in lungs)
http://www.le.ac.uk/pa/teach/va/anatomy/case2/2_2.html
PROBLEM for CELLS?
Diffusion only moves molecules
from high concentration to low
concentration.
What if cell needs to move a molecule
AGAINST the CONCENTRATION
_________
GRADIENT?
_______________
(LOWER  HIGHER)
Cell example:
Want to put MORE glucose
into mitochondria when there is
already glucose in there
Image from: http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpg
Video from: http://www.southtexascollege.edu/tdehne/BC_ShockwaveAnimations/08SWF-MembraneStructureAndFunct/08-02-MembraneStructure.swf
PROBLEM for
Cells?
Cell membranes
are
SELECTIVELY
PERMEABLE
See a movie
What if a cell needs to
LARGE or ______
POLAR
move _____
molecules
that can’t get
through the
membrane?
http://www.d.umn.edu/~sdowning/Membranes/membraneImages/jpegimages/diffusionmedium.jpg
PROBLEM for CELLS?
Diffusion happens very slowly
What if cell needs to move
FAST
molecules really _______?
(can’t wait for it to diffuse)
Cell example:
Movement of
+
+
Na & K ions
required to send
nerve signals
http://www.steve.gb.com/images/science/neuron.png
WAY to
Cells need a ____
HELP molecules across
____
cell membranes that
can’t go across by
_______
themselves
___________
Kidspiration by: Riedell
See a video about Passive transport 7-C
Kinds of PASSIVE
________
Transport
Diffusion
__________________________________
•Facilitated
Diffusion
___________________________________
•Carriers
_______________________________
•Channels
_______________________________
Sites for concept maps
 http://cmapspublic2.ihmc.us/servlet/SBReadResourceSe
rvlet?rid=1165154970624_192798767_6077&partName
=htmltext
DIFFUSION across a membrane
concentration on one
Happens anytime there is a DIFFERENCE
__________
in _____________
side of the membrane compared to the other
See diffusion
animation
http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/eustruct/passiveanim.html
http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/Biol22000/10Biomembranes/images/membrane.gif
DIFFUSION
PASSIVE
No energy required = _______
DOWN concentration gradient
Moves _______
HIGHER to LOWER
from ___________________
Works for any molecules that can pass through
the membrane
Example of molecules that move this way in
cells:
________ & ____________
OXYGEN
Carbon dioxide
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
membrane proteins to help
uses _______________
molecules across
2 kinds of proteins help:
Carriers
Channels
_________
& ____________
Animations from: http://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/facdifan.gif
http://www2.uic.edu/~myilma1/ionchannel.gif
Facilitated Diffusion with
CARRIER PROTEINS
Carrier protein
grabs molecule,
changes shape, and
flips across to
other side like a
revolving door
Animation from: http://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/facdifan.gif
http://www.gobananas.co.uk/edinburgh-stag-party/enquiry/index.htm
FACILITATED DIFFUSION with
CHANNELS
http://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/voltgate.htm
Membrane
proteins
create a
tunnel through
which molecules
can pass
ION CHANNELS allow________
charged ions
_______________
hydrophobic
to get past the ____________
center
FACILITATED DIFFUSION with
CHANNELS
polar
________
Aquaporin proteins allow ________
WATER molecules to get past
_________
hydrophobic middle of cell
the __________
membrane.
http://www.spps.kvl.dk/news/0507/Lund4.jpg
FACILITATED DIFFUSION with
CHANNELS
The movement of water molecules
across a cell membrane is called
OSMOSIS
______________
http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/eustruct/channelanim.html
ALL KINDS OF
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
PASSIVE
 No energy required = _____________
DOWN
 Moves ________
concentration gradient
HIGHER to LOWER
from ________________________
proteins help molecules get across membrane
 Membrane
___________________
EXAMPLES OF FACILITATED
DIFFUSION IN CELLS
 CARRIER PROTEINS
GLUCOSE
 ION CHANNELS
Na+ , Cl- , Ca++ ,
 AQUAPORINS (OSMOSIS)
WATER
K+
Kidspiration by: Riedell
Kinds of
ACTIVE
________Transport
________________________________________
PUMPS
•Sodium-Potassium
__________________________________
•Proton
________________________________
•Vesicles
___________________________________
•Endocytosis
________________________________
•Exocytosis
________________________________
http://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biology/biology1111/animations/active1.
swf Good clip about active and passive transport!
See a video clip
about
Na+-K+ pump -7D
Na+ and K
+
PUMP
Animation from: http://www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm
See a movie
about Na+ - K+ pump
SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP
 ___________
transport
ACTIVE
(requires energy from ______)
ATP
low concentration
 Can move molecules from _____
high
to ______
 Special just for Na+ and K
+
ions
membrane proteins called
 Uses _______________________
____________
to move molecules
pumps
 Example: nerve cells
Na+ is pumped out of cells at same time
K + is taken into cells
PROTON PUMP
Moves
Protons
across
membrane
H+ ions
= ___
More on this in Chap 8 & 9
See a movie
proton pump
PROTON PUMP
ACTIVE transport
 ___________
ATP
(requires energy from ______)
 Can move molecules from
to ________
high
low
_____ concentration
 Special just for H+ ions
Protein pumps to move molecules
 Uses integral ________________
Examples:
 Lysosomes need acidic conditions for digestion
 Photosynthesis/Respiration
(more on this to come in Ch 8 & 9)
ACTIVE TRANSPORT with VESICLES
VESICLES are small membrane sacs that
___________
pinch off of cell membranes used by cells for
transporting molecules
Used for transporting molecules:
ENDOCYTOSIS
If entering the cell = ______________
EXOCYTOSIS
If exiting the cell = _______________
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/exocy.htm
See a video clip
about
Endo/exocytosis -7E
2 KINDS of ENDOCYTOSIS
for taking substances into cell
If taking in:
PINOCYTOSIS
fluid or small molecules =_________________
PHAGOCYTOSIS
large particles or whole cells =______________
Animation from: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/endocytb.htm
ENDOCYTOSIS
Substances taken into cell
ACTIVE
energy
__________ transport (requires________)
VESICLES
Uses ______________ to carry substances
low concentration
Can move molecules from _____
high
to ______
Examples in cells:
one celled organisms eat this way
white blood cells get rid of bacteria this way
ENDOCYTOSIS
Animation from: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html
Protist eating
another
http://www.accs.net/users/kriel/chapter%20nine/
PHAGOCYTOSIS
White
blood cell
___________
germs
destroying _______
WHITE BLOOD CELL
ENGULFING BACTERIA
(Phagocytosis)
http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/255/255ion/fig14x28.jpg
EXOCYTOSIS
Substances released outside of cell
ACTIVE transport (requires________)
energy
__________
VESICLES
Uses ______________
to carry substances
low concentration
Can move molecules from _____
high
to ______
Examples in cells:
GOLGI release packaged proteins
 _________
this way
Video: http://www.southtexascollege.edu/tdehne/BC_ShockwaveAnimations/07SWF-TourOfTheCell/07-16-EndomembraneSystem.swf
GOLGI BODIES USE
EXOCYTOSIS
Animation from: http://www.franklincollege.edu/bioweb/A&Pfiles/week04.html
See a Golgi movie
Videos from:
http://www.pleasanton.k12.ca.us/avhsweb/thiel/apbio/notes/chp8/exocytosis_endocytosis.mov
http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week2/endocytosis.mov
Endocytosis & Exocytosis
Watch a video clip about endo/exocytosis
Watch a video clip about endo/exocytosis
video
Choose Screen/Switch programs to view
INSULIN being released by
pancreas cells using exocytosis
http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/255/255ion/fig14x26.jpg
See a video clip
about
OSMOSIS -7B
SOUTH DAKOTA SCIENCE STANDARDS
LIFE SCIENCE
Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental
structures, functions, classifications, and
mechanisms found in living things.
9-12.L.1.1. Students are able to relate cellular functions
and processes to specialized structures within cells.
Transport
Core High School Life
Science
Performance Descriptors
High school students
performing at the
ADVANCED level:
predict how homeostasis is maintained within living systems;
predict the function of a given structure;
High school students
performing at the
PROFICIENT level:
describe the relationship between structure and function;
High school students
performing at the
BASIC level
recognize that different structures perform different functions;
define homeostasis;
predict how life systems respond to changes in the
environment;