Transcript Pythagoras(LC)
St. Kentigerns Academy
Menu Brief History A Pythagorean Puzzle Pythagoras’ Theorem Using Pythagoras’ Theorem Finding the shorter side Further examples
Pythagoras (~560-480 B.C.)
Pythagoras was a Greek philosopher and religious leader.
He was responsible for many important developments in
maths , astronomy ,
and
music .
The Secret Brotherhood
His students formed a secret society called the Pythagoreans. As well as studying maths, they were a political and religious organisation. Members could be identified by a five pointed star they wore on their clothes.
The Secret Brotherhood
They had to follow some unusual rules. They were not allowed to wear wool, drink wine or pick up anything they had dropped!
Eating beans was also strictly forbidden!
A Pythagorean Puzzle
A right angled triangle Ask for the worksheet and try this for yourself!
A Pythagorean Puzzle
Draw a square on each side.
A Pythagorean Puzzle
Measure the length of each side b c a
A Pythagorean Puzzle
Work out the area of each square.
b² b c C² a a²
A Pythagorean Puzzle
c² b² a²
A Pythagorean Puzzle
A Pythagorean Puzzle
1
A Pythagorean Puzzle 1
2
A Pythagorean Puzzle 1 2
A Pythagorean Puzzle 1 2 3
A Pythagorean Puzzle 1 2 3
A Pythagorean Puzzle 1 3 2 4
A Pythagorean Puzzle 1 3 2 4
A Pythagorean Puzzle 1 3 2 5 4
A Pythagorean Puzzle
What does this tell you about the areas of the three squares?
2 1 5 3 4
The red square and the yellow square together cover the green square exactly.
The square on the longest side is equal in area to the sum of the squares on the other two sides.
A Pythagorean Puzzle
Put the pieces back where they came from.
2 1 5 3 4
A Pythagorean Puzzle
Put the pieces back where they came from.
2 1 3 5 4
A Pythagorean Puzzle
Put the pieces back where they came from.
2 1 3 5 4
A Pythagorean Puzzle
Put the pieces back where they came from.
2 1 5 3 4
A Pythagorean Puzzle
Put the pieces back where they came from.
1 5 3 4 2
A Pythagorean Puzzle
Put the pieces back where they came from.
5 4 3 1 2
A Pythagorean Puzzle
b² This is called Pythagoras’ Theorem.
a² c²
c²=a²+b²
Pythagoras’ Theorem
This is the name of Pythagoras’ most famous discovery.
It only works with right-angled triangles.
The longest side, which is always opposite the right-angle, has a special name:
Pythagoras’ Theorem
a c b
c²=a²+b²
a a c
Pythagoras’ Theorem
c y
c²=a²+b²
a b b c b a c
Using Pythagoras’ Theorem
1m 8m What is the length of the slope?
Using Pythagoras’ Theorem
c a= 1m b= 8m c²=a²+ b²
?
c²=1²+ 8² c²=1 + 64 c²=65
Using Pythagoras’ Theorem
c²=65 How do we find c?
We need to use the square root button on the calculator.
It looks like this
√
Press
√
, Enter 65
=
So c=
√
65 = 8.1 m (1 d.p.)
Example 1
c c²=a²+ b² c²=12²+ 9² c²=144 + 81 c²= 225 c =
√
225= 15cm
Example 2
b 6m c s c²=a²+ b² s²=4²+ 6² s²=16 + 36 s²= 52 s =
√
52 =7.2m (1 d.p.)
Now try Exercise 4 P156 Then Exercise 5 Problems involving Pythagoras Theorem
a h
Finding the shorter side
7m c c²=a²+ b² 7²=a²+ 5² 49=a² + 25
?
Finding the shorter side
We need to get a² on its own.
Remember, change side, change sign!
49 - 25 = a² a²= 24 a =
√
24 = 4.9 m (1 d.p.)
Example 1
c 13m w a c²= a²+ b² 13²= a²+ 6² 169 – 36 = a² a²= 133 Change side, change sign!
a =
√
133 = 11.5m
(1 d.p.)
P
Example 2
11cm c b Q a 9cm R c²= a²+ b² 11²= 9²+ b² 121 – 81 = b² b²= 40 Change side, change sign!
b =
√
40 = 6.3cm
(1 d.p.)
Now try Exercise 6* P 161
Example 1
r
?
5m c²=a²+ b² c²=5²+ 7² 14m 5m ½ of 14 b c²=25 + 49 c²= 74 c =
√
74 =8.6m (1 d.p.)
p 38cm 23cm a c 38cm
Example 2
c²= a²+ b² 38²= a²+ 23² 1444 = a²+ 529 1444 – 529 = y² a²= 915 a = Change side, change sign!
So a =2 x
√
915 = 60.5cm (1d.p.)
Now try Exercise 2 Questions 1 to 5