From Exclusion to Empowerment: The Role of Information and Communication Technologies for Persons with Disabilities

New Delhi | 26th November 2014

SESSION 13

Methods of Data Collection on ICT and Persons with Disabilities in Brazil

About

CETIC.br

Brazilian Internet Steering Committee Brazilian Network Information Center CETIC UNESCO

(*) Regional Center of Studies for the Development of the Information Society

1995 2005

Regional Center for Studies on the Development of the Information Society  Produce ICT indicators and statistics  Promote the use of ICT statistics for policymaking and academic research  Monitor socioeconomic impacts

2012

Monitoring socioeconomic implications of ICTs

ICT surveys in Brazil

Internationally agreed methodological frameworks Monitoring targets

Data on disabilities in Brazil

Existing statistics

General population General population 10 years or older and Internet users

Data on disabilities in Brazil

IBGE Census 2010

IBGE Census 2010

included indicators on four types of disabilities related to

seeing, hearing, walking and mental/intellectual

.

Questions covered the difficulty to perform daily activities and the level of such difficulty, in compliance to the Census Questions on Disabilities endorsed by the

Washington Group on Disabilities Statistics

.

QUESTION:

glasses) Do you have permanent difficulty seeing? (even if wearing

1. Yes – can’t see at all

Person with severe disability

2. Yes – a lot of difficulty 3. Yes – some difficulty 4. No – no difficulty

Person with disability

Data on disabilities in Brazil

IBGE Census 2010

Brazilian population: 23,9% had at least one type of disability (45,6 MM):

 The most prevalent difficulty was seeing (18,6%), followed by walking (7%), hearing (5,1%) and mental or intellectual (1,4%).

Considering severe levels of disabilities:

 8,3% of the population had at least one of the surveyed disabilities in 2010.

The most prevalent severe disability was related to seeing (3,46%).

Gender, age and geographical region:

 Women reported disabilities more than men (26,5% versus 21,2%).

 67,7% of the population aged 65 years old or older reported some type of disability in any level, while 41,8% reported a severe level of disability.

 Northeast region had the highest proportion of the population reporting disabilities (26,6%).

Data on disabilities in Brazil

Mixed mode of data collection

Statistics on:

 Persons with disabilities   ICT and persons with disabilities Web accessibility

Probability Sample Survey Statistics on:

 Web accessibility

Automated Data Collection Qualitative data:

 Focus group and in depth interviews with persons with disabilities

Qualitative Research

ICT and persons with disabilities

Methods of data collection

Mixed modes of data collection on persons with disabilities and the use of ICTs Approach Data collection method Project

Quantitative Nationwide annual sample survey ICT Household Survey Automated data collection tool Use of web crawler Qualitative “.gov.br” Web Census Focus-groups and in-depth interviews Web Accessibility study

ICT Households Survey

Sociodemographic variables

CETIC.

br’s ICT Households Survey

has been collecting data regarding each member of the household since 2006. Three ICT related indicators are:  Use of Computer in the household in the last 3 months;  Use of Internet in the household in the last 3 months;  Ownership of a mobile phone; ICT related indicators Members of the household

ICT Households Survey

Data collection on disabilities (since 2010)

Measuring disabilities by proxy related to limitations in basic activity functioning: IBGE Census 

Seeing



Hearing



Walking



Mental/Intellectual

Washington Group on Disability Statistics Based on questions adapted from IBGE Census 

Hands movement

Relevant for the use of ICTs Difficulties in firmly holding items such as cutlery or a pen. This was aimed at classifying persons with physical disabilities related to the upper body, such as hands and arms

“gov.br” Web Census Project

Context and scope

“The most valuable contribution of the

Web is social

” “More important than its technological dimension, is that it is an environment for human communication, commercial transactions, government relations and sharing knowledge ”

Web Crawler Data Analyzer

“gov.br” Web Census Project

Key concepts for the automated data collection

 website1.gov.br

 website2.gov.br

WEB Content search (text only)

 website3.gov.br

 website4.gov.br

...

 websiten.gov.br

Web Crawler and Analysis Tools Extraction of new URLs  new URL1  new URL2  new URL3 Analysis & Reports ...

Database

“gov.br” Web Census Project

Category of indicators

A1: Overall size of the “.gov.br": nr. of Websites and pages C1: Distribution of use of languages in the “.gov.br” Web A2: Overall size of the “.gov.br”: size in Gigabytes B1: Proportion of Websites using IPv6 Protocol E1: Proportion of Web pages compliant with W3C HTLM standards F1: Proportion of Web pages compliant with ASES accessibility standards B2: Proportion of Websites using alternative IPv6 domain G1: Proportion of type of objects used in Web pages B3: Proportion of Websites which respond to Ping IPv6 B4: Proportion of Websites which respond to GET command at the IPv6 address G2: Proportion of types of technologies used in Web pages H1: Average age (last updated) of “.gov.br” Web pages

Compliance with W3C HTML standards

Proportion of websites compliant with standards

Status of Validation

Validated Non validated Impossible to validate

2010

5,02% 90,74% 4,24%

2011

6,38% 86,45% 7,17%  Pages often had less than 10 errors (37,27%), but there was a large proportion that had more than 100 errors (14,17%) during the validation process.

 This data suggests that the majority of the pages are not far from being compliant with the standards.

Compliance with Priority Levels - ASES

Proportion of websites compliant with standards

Status of Validation

Non Compliance Priority 1 (A) Priority 2 (AA) Priority 3 (AAA)

2010

98,00% 1,14% 0,23% 0,63%

2011

95,18% 3,71% 0,13% 0,98%  The analysis on accessibility reveals that there is much that can be done to improve Web accessibility at the “.gov.br” web pages.

 Only 4,82% of the webpages were compliant with any of the levels of accessibility (“A”, “AA” or “AAA”).

Measuring Web accessibility

Qualitative approach

 Concepts of Web Accessibility and Universal Design  Qualitative data to complement quantitative sample survey Expert group on ICT and Accessibility

Measuring Web accessibility

Qualitative approach

 Aimed at conducting an exploratory study on Web accessibility;  Internet use: benefits and barriers o

Location of Internet access

o o o

Frequency of use ICT skills Online activities: communication, leisure, education, banking, e-government, e-commerce

o o

General issues on browsing the Internet Assistive technologies

Measuring Web accessibility

Qualitative techniques for data collection

QUALITATIVE APPROACH PROFILE

Focus Group Focus Group Children without disabilities Adults without disabilities Persons that are blind 7-9 y.o. SES “B & C” Internet users 30 y.o.+ SES “B & C” Internet users Internet users Focus Group Focus Group In-depth Interview Persons with physical disabilities (upper body) Persons with low vision Internet users Internet users In-depth Interview Persons that are deaf Internet users

Measuring Web accessibility

Respondent’s voice

"It's horrible, is the most polluted site on earth, I cannot find anything. The site has more information than you need.“

[

Adult, Internet user

]

"The other day I went online to buy tickets to the movies, because you can book your seat. But for you to select the seat, you must click on a tiny dot.“

[

Adult, Internet user, person with physical disability

]

"Oh, at first I didn’t have much patience to listen to software. It was too much talking. But then we got along when I started to search for recipes online.”

[

Adult, Internet user, person that is blind

]

"If I click here and do something wrong, will everyone see?”

[

Adult, Internet user

]

"I go to the window that says “GOG –” something. Then I write, Barbie games and they appear. My cousin taught me.“

[

Children, Internet user

]

Data and statistics for

Evidence-based policymaking

“The impact of policy can be measured with good statistics. If policy cannot be measured it is not good policy.” (

Othman

, 2005)

PRODUCTION OF INDICATORS AND STATISTICS

o o o o o o

Reliable Policy relevant Timely

(to inform policy decisions)

Accessible

to all key stakeholders

Cost-effective Interdisciplinary

enough to address cross-cutting issues

ICT Statistics and Indicators Internationally comparable data Policy-relevant data analysis Policy making

o Empowering and inclusive policies

Thank you

[email protected]

www.cetic.br

@ComuNICbr Facebook.com/nic.br