Audio Visual Preservation
Download
Report
Transcript Audio Visual Preservation
AUDIO VISUAL
PRESERVATION
Tre Berney –
Multimedia Specialist, Cornell University
Libraries
DIGITIZATION: A REALIT Y
Older, ‘legacy’ media
> magnetic tape (open reel audio, VHS, cassette)
>degredation & playback obsolescence
>$$$$$
Digital content
> digital content intake & management
>format (proprietar y and open) transcoding
>tools, digital AV skills
>$$$$
Preservation and Access
> digital storage
> delivery
>$$$$
CONSIDERATIONS
Urgency of format migration (digitization)
Storage costs
Metadata and Records
Content Management and Delivery
Costs of doing nothing (Cost of Inaction
Calculator)
Existing resources/infrastructure
Knowing your limits
HOW TO DIGITIZE AUDIO
Playback deck
(open reel, cassette, etc.)
Analog to digital converter
(A to D, or A/D)
Computer
(Capture software)
IN SEARCH OF STANDARDS
Audio Formats
96kHz/24bit BWF/WAV (PCM) (preservation master)
44.1kHz/16bit WAV (PCM) (CD standard access file)
MP3 (streaming file)
Analog to Digital Conversion
International Association of Sound and Audiovisual
Archives (IASA) TC-04
Audio Engineering Society (AES)
HOW TO DIGITIZE VIDEO
Playback deck
(VHS, U-Matic, Betacam etc.)
Analog to digital capture
(internal or external capture card)
Computer
(Capture software)
IN SEARCH OF STANDARDS
Video Preservation Formats
SD - 10-bit Uncompressed MOV (preservation master)
HD - JPEG2000 MXF 1080p QT/MOV (80% lossless
preservation master)
Access Formats
SD - 3000kbps H264/AVC 480 x 640 (24 or 30fps,
de-interlaced) QT/MOV (web streaming)
HD - 7000kbps H264/AVC 1080p x 640 (24 or 30fps,
de-interlaced) QT/MOV (web streaming)
BEST PRACTICES (SHORT VERSION)
Best Practice 1: Per form preser vation transfer s in an appropriately
designed, critical listening environment . If such a space is not available,
choose a room that is quiet and is removed from other work areas and
traf fic, and be acutely aware of its sonic deficiencies.
Best Practice 2: Route the signal from the playback machine to the analog to-digital conver ter using the cleanest, most direct signal path possible.
Best Practice 3 : Design the monitoring chain to allow instant comparison
of the signal from the playback machine to the signal that has passed
through the analog -to-digital conver ter.
Best Practice 4: Preser vati on studios must include test/calibration
equipment to test and monitor the transfer chain itself for noise as well as
to test individual components for per formance . During transfer, the
test/calibration equipment shall not be inser ted between the playback
machine and the recorder.
( s o u r c e : S o u n d D i r e c t i o n s , B e s t P r a c t i c e s f o r A u d i o P r e s e r v a t i o n ; M i k e C a s e y, I n d i a n a U n i v e r s i t y
& Bruce Gordon, Harvard University; 2008)
BEST PRACTICES (ABSURDLY SHORT
VERSION)
Best Practice 1: Perform preservation transfers in an quiet
room.
Best Practice 2: Route the most direct signal path possible
Best Practice 3: Be able to compare the signal from the deck
and the computer.
Best Practice 4: Routinely test your equipment to ensure
quality.
( s o u r c e : S o u n d D i r e c t i o n s , B e s t P r a c t i c e s f o r A u d i o P r e s e r v a t i o n ; M i k e C a s e y, I n d i a n a U n i v e r s i t y
& Bruce Gordon, Harvard University; 2008)
CUL AV DIGITIZATION LAB - B76 KROCH
Formats we digitize in-house:
¼” Reel to Reel Audiotape
Cassette
Vinyl Discs (Records)
VHS/SVHS
Umatic (¾”)
Up to 4k Digital-Born
Material
WORKING WITH VENDORS
Vendors are a great knowledge base
Advice is often free (if in doubt, ask)
Economy of scale
Go big, if possible
Leveraging your records management
experience
Preparation is key
File naming, metadata provisions, formats &
codecs
RESOURCES
Indiana University/Harvard Publications
http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/projects/sounddirections/
RESOURCES
International Association of Sound and Audiovisual Archives
http://www.iasa-web.org/
RESOURCES
Library of Congress
http://videopreser vation.conser vation -us.org/
Federal Agencies Digitization Guidelines Initiative (FADGI)
http://www.digitizationguidelines.gov /
Canadian Cultural Heritage
http://www.pch.gc.ca/eng/1266037002102/ 1265993639778
Association of Moving Image Archivists
(http://www.amianet.org /)
Bay Area Video Coalition (BAVC)
http://www.bavc.org /
AV @ CUL
Thanks!
Tre Berney
[email protected]
@treberney