Transcript chapter 5 - part 1

Foundations of
Globalization
Social Studies 10-1
Key Ideas
1. Imperialism
2. Historic Globalization
3. Mercantilism
4. Capitalism
5. Grand Exchange
6. Industrial Revolution
What will we answer?
• Why and how did globalization begin?
• How did the foundations of historical
globalization affect people?
• How might the use of a single number
system contribute to globalization?
Conflicting Theories
• Some say globalization is as old as trade among
peoples.
• Others say it began in about 325 BCE when the
Buddhist leader Chandragupta Maurya
combined religion, trade, and military might to
create a vast protected trading area in much of
present-day India.
• Still others say that globalization started in the
1100s when Genghis Khan, the Mongolian
warrior-ruler, introduced the idea of fighting from
horseback.
• And many other experts date the rise of
globalization to 1492, the year Christopher
Columbus made his first trip to the Americas.
Early Trade Routes
• Network of caravan tracks linked
Asia and Europe.
This was known as the “Silk
Road”
• Ideas were also transported
i.e. The Indo-Arabic number
system
is one example.
• From Italy, this new system quickly
spread throughout Europe — and
today, it is used around the world.
Empires of the Silk Road, 100 CE
• Why might Italian merchants have been the first in
Europe to use the Indo Arabic Number system?
Ashutosh Sheshabalaya
heads Europe-based IndiaAdvisory
• First Round – Arab civilizations the first,
they transferred knowledge of Indian
science, medicine, literature, and
mathematics to Europe.
• Second Round – Late 1400’s, gave way
to European technologies and set the
stage for advancing ideas of Imperialism.
• Third Round – Time after WWII, rapid
growth of markets, China and India are
economic powers. Nearly instant
communication.
Historic Globalization
• 1492, the year Columbus discovered the
new world
• These individuals say that this period
ended only when the US and Soviets
emerged from WWII as superpowers.
• At this time it is know as the period of
Contemporary Globalization.
Kevin O’Rourke
and Jeffrey Williamson
• In O’Rourke and
Williamson’s view,
globalization began in
the 1800s, when lowcost goods from farms
and factories poured
into markets around
the world - and access
to these goods began
to change the way
masses of people lived.
Columbus and the New World
Two Points of View
1. Many Europeans
2. Many Indigenous
regard Columbus as a
people in particular
hero who
preferred to celebrate
“discovered” the
“500 years of
“New World” and
resistance.”
started the era that is
often called the Age of
Discovery
Analysis of Perspectives
Let’s read the article:
Chavez calls discovery of America the
‘biggest genocide ever’
Why would Chavez believe this?
Write a paragraph analyzing the different
perspectives on cultural contact between
Europeans and First Nations people in the New
World
How Historical Globalization Affected
People
Johannes Gutenberg
• Johannes Gutenberg
invented the printing
press
• Changes were far
reaching in Europe
• spread new ideas
about science, religion,
politics, and
philosophy across
Europe.
The Rise of Middle Class (5th to 18th
centuries)
• The Feudal System (Europe after the
Dark Ages).
• People often lived in isolated, selfsufficient communities. Social status was
often determined by birth, and social
power was defined by the amount of
land a person owned.
• The economy was based on
arrangements between the lords who
owned large rural estates and the
peasants or serfs who worked for them.
• Many historians believe these
townspeople and city dwellers were the
earliest middle class
Rise of Middle Class Con’t
• The new found freedoms of the
middle class gave way to new
ideas in the field of exploration,
science and the discovery of
new technologies.
Results of the Middle Class
• As the middle class
grew larger and more
influential, trade
became even more
important — and
Europeans began to
look for ways to
increase profits by
expanding trade.
New Ideas and Technology
• From about the 9th to the 13th century, Middle
Eastern civilizations were centres of innovation
and learning.
• The introduction of large, square sails and the
lateen
• Improvements in navigational tools, such as the
magnetic compass, the mariner’s astrolabe, the
sextant, and maps.
• Gunpowder, which was invented in China, was
first used in European warfare in 1324.
Impact of Innovation
• Think about the effects of each of these
developments on trade and travel. Record
one prediction about the significant role
each development might play in the growth
of globalization.
Trade
The Race to Establish
Colonies
• Why would countries
with strong seafaring
traditions have an
advantage in the race
to establish colonies?
European Imperialism
• The policy of
extending a country’s
power by acquiring
new territories and
establishing control
over other countries
and peoples — was
motivated by trade.
• Trade brought
economic prosperity,
and economic
prosperity brought
power.
What is Mercantilism?
Manufactured Goods
for high prices
European
Country
Colony
Raw Materials for low
prices
Exploitation
15th to
18th
centuries
Mercantilism
Barely any
competition
A limited
market
What is Mercantilism?
• Is an economic system that attempts to
increase a nation’s wealth by
government regulation of all the nation’s
commercial interests.
• The government/state regulates trade and
production to enable the state to become
self-sufficient.
Mercantilism continued…
• Colonies provide raw
materials to the
parent country for the
growth and profit of
that countries
industries.
• Colonies exist to
serve the parent
country
England and Colonial Needs
England
• Needs a source of
raw materials
• Needs a market for
manufactured goods
• Has a surplus of labor
• Manufactures could
be low cost
Colonies
• Needs a market for
raw materials
• Needs low cost
manufactures
• Has Raw Materials
Results for the colonies
Positives
• New England
Shipbuilding thrived
• Tobacco producing
colonies had a
monopoly in England
• English military
protected colonial
trade
Negatives
• Colonial
manufacturing was
limited
• Farmers received
low prices for crops
• Manufactured goods
from England were
not cheap
Results for England
• Colonial competition was curtailed
• Benefited from the import and custom duties
paid on goods
• England had trouble enforcing the Navigation
Acts, expensive
• French and Dutch merchants still made off with
materials produced in the colonies
• Will be a source of tension between the Colonies
and England, Opposition from Massachusetts