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Teania worm

neck scolex

1.

Gravid segment

Teania saginata 2. Teania solium

Mature segment

Teania saginata

Taenia saginata (beef tape worm) Double striated egg shell Hexacanth embryo More than 12 lateral uterine branch

Intermediate host Human infected by eating undercooked beef Definitive and reservoir host Gravid segment rupture and release eggs

•

Maturation time 8-10 weeks .

• Life span up to 25

years.

• Scolex evaginate in

small intestine and attach it self to mucosa of intestine .

Pathology

• Adult: may be abdominal pain with

some abdominal disturbance.

-Scolex with hook -Uterine lateral Branches less than 12

Usual Intermediate host liberated embryo,via bloodstream to tissue especially muscle Measly pork Definitive and reservoir hosts Cysticercus is liberated, scolex evaginates, attaches itself to mucosa of small intestine. develops to adult. Maturation time 3months.Life span up to 25 years.

Development of cysticercus cellulosea-5x8-10mm

Pathology

• Adult

: may be abdominal pain with some abdominal disturbance.

• Larvae of T.solium

produce cystic nodules cutaneous tissue and muscles with mild symptoms; except when present in brain

(cysticercosis)

it can cause major central nervous system sign.

in sub-

• Cysticercosis can occur by

autoinfection:

• Internal

—antiprestalsis movement of intestine gets its contents back to the stomach

• External

hands ova in stool of infected patient contaminate his own food or

Liberated embryo penetrates villus and becomes cysticercoid in4 days.Cysticrcercoid re-enter lumen ,attaches itself to mucosa and develops into adult worm in 10-12 days Autoinfection - Opportunistic parasitic infection - I.H & D.h

-

Librated embryo penetrates villus and becomes cystocercoid in 4 days .

- cysticercoid re-enters lumen, attaches itself to mucosa and develops into adult worm in 10-12 days.

Diagnosis

: Eggs in stools

Tapeworm Taenia saginata Disease Taeniasis Treatment Praziquantel 5-10 mg/Kg single dose Taenia solium adult Taeniasis Praziquanlel 5-10 mg/Km single dose Taenia solium larvae Hymenolepis nana Cystisercosis Hymenolepiasis Praziquantel (not for ocular cases) 50 mg/Kg divided into 3doses/day for 14 days to hospitalized patient only, -steroid to reduce reaction in brain cysticerci) ) Praziquantel 15-25mg /kg single dose Echinococcus granulosus Hydatid disease Surgery (removal injection of scolicide) Albendazole of cyst after Each cours 10-15 days, total of 15 days breaks. mg/kg/day for 30 4 course separated by

cyclenana.gif

3-8 mm in length 4 segments : 1-scolex with 4 sucker and hooks, 2- immature 3- mature 4- gravid segment.

Definitive host is dog. Intermediate host camel and human .

is sheep, cattle ,

Librated embryo penetrates mucosa carried by blood streams to various sites

(1) adult worms in bowels of definitive host. (2) eggs passed in feces, ingested by humans or intermediate host.

(3) onchosphere penetrates intestinal wall, carried via blood to lodge in organs. (4) hyatid cysts develop in liver, lungs, brain, heart. (5) protoscolices (hydatid sand) ingested by definitive host. (6) attach to small intestine and grow to adult worm.

• Infection

• Human (

eggs.

I.H

.), acceidental ingestion of dog feces containing

• Dogs (

feed of ground organs) containing cysts.

D.H

.) ingest offal (farm

Clinical feature and pathology

• Depend on site and size • Can cause obstructions and pressure on

vital organs.

• Or rupture of cyst with anaphylactic

shock.

• Some cyst grow for short time ,die and

calcify.

• 66% of cyst found in liver in Rt lobe. • H.cyst in lung cause pul.symptoms and

sputum containing blood and hydatid fluid.

• Can be found in bone , brain ,spleen and

kidneys…..

diagnosis:

• Clinically, • ultrasound scanning and other

imaging techniques

• Laboratory • Serological detection of

antibodies.

• Examination of cyst fluid for

brood capsules and protoscoleces, after surgical removal of cyst.

• Serologic Testing:

detect antibody response

• IHA (indirect hemagglutination test) • ELISA (enzyme-linked emmunosorbent

assay)

Treatment:

Surgical Removal of Hydatid Cysts

• 90% effective but can be risky depending on

location, size, and advancement of cyst

• may need chemotherapy to prevent recurrance

Chemotherapy

• Albendazole is preferred treatment because it

penetrates into hyatid cysts.

• Dosage: 10mg/kg body weight or 400mg 2x

daily for 4 weeks, repeat cycles as necessary (up to 12)

• Mebendazole Dosage: 40mg/kg body weight 3x

daily for 3-6 months

PAIR Treatment

• P

uncture, a spiration, i njection, r espiration

• Inject protoscolicidal substances into

the cyst

Tapeworm Taenia saginata Disease Taeniasis Treatment Praziquantel 5-10 mg/Kg single dose Taenia solium adult Taeniasis Praziquanlel 5-10 mg/Km single dose Taenia solium larvae Cystisercosis Hymenolepiasis Praziquantel (not for ocular cases) 50 mg/Kg divided into 3doses/day for 14 days to hospitalized patient only, -steroid to reduce reaction in brain cysticerci) ) Praziquantel 15-25mg /kg single dose Hymenolepis nana Echinococcus granulosus Hydatid disease Surgery (removal injection of scolicide) Albendazole of cyst after Each cours 10-15 days, total of 15 days breaks. mg/kg/day for 30 4 course separated by

What you need to know about a parasite

• Scientific name (and commom name) • Geographic distribution ( in general terms) • Life-cycle • Pathogenesis • Disease(s) caused • Diagnosis • Treatment ( drug of choice) & prevention

Resources on Parasitology

Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) : http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/DPDx/HTM L/Para_Health.htm

Resources on Parasitology

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لله دمحلا