Transcript LECTURE 3.ppt

POETRY-1 (ENG403)
LECTURE – 3
REVIEW OF LECTURE 2
• Introduction to the 14th century
• Different Aspects of the 14th Century
o Political
o Social
o Religious
o Literary
REVIEW OF LECTURE 2
• Notable Writers of the Age:
o Langland, Gower, Wycliffe, Mandeville, Chaucer
• Chaucer’s Contribution
o Representative poet of 14th century
o Realism
o Heroic Couplet
o Pioneer of writing in vulgar English
REVIEW OF LECTURE 2
• Chaucer’s Biography
• Chaucer’s Literary Career
o The French Period
o The Italian Period
o The English Period
• Chaucer’s Language
REVIEW OF LECTURE 2
• Introduction to the Canterbury Tales
o Framework
Pilgrimage
o Diverse assembly of narrators
o Written in Heroic Couplet in Middle English
o Collection of stories narrated by 3o pilgrims
o The shrine of Thomas à Becket
o Each will tell 4 stories
o Plan of 120 stories
REVIEW OF LECTURE 2
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HEROIC COUPLET
A pair of rhyming lines written in Iambic Pentameter
‘Iambic’ refers to the foot used
Pentameter
Five feet
Groups of syllables are called ‘feet’
An unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable
Befell ∣ that, in ∣ that sea ∣ son on ∣ a day,∣
In south ∣ work at ∣ the Ta ∣ bard as ∣ I lay,∣
THE PROLOGUE TO
THE CANTERBURY TALES
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General plan
Gives individualized portraits of characters
Social types
No particular order
The Knight Begins
Higher social rank
THE GENERAL PROLOGUE
• Lay out of the prologue is simple
o Lines 1-34: Elaborate Introduction
o Lines 35-719: Series of Portraits
o Lines 720-821: Host’s suggestion of a story telling
competition & its acceptance
o Lines 822-858: The next morning the pilgrims
assemble & it is decided, the knight shall tell the
first tale
Whan that aprill with his shoures soote L.1
The droghte of march hath perced to the roote,
And bathed every veyne in swich licour
Of which vertu engendred is the flour;
Whan Zephirus eek with his sweete breeth L.5
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Whan – when
aprill – April
Shoures – showers
Soote – sweet
Drought – dryness
Perced – pierced
Roote – root
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Swich – such
Licour – moisture
Vertu – vital energy
Engendered – created
Flour – flower
Zephirus – west wind
Eek – also
Inspired hath in every holt and heeth L.6
Tendre croppes, and the yonge sonne
Hath in the ram his halve cours yronne,
And smale foweles maken melodye,
That slepen al the nyght with open ye L.10
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Heeth – heath
croppes – tree-tops
Yonge sonne–young sun
Ram – 1st Zodaic sign
Halve – half
• Yronne – run, complete
• Foweles – birds
• Maken melodye – make
melody
• Slepen – sleep
• ye – eye
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(so priketh hem nature in hir corages); L.11
Thanne longen folk to goon on pilgrimages,
And palmeres for to seken straunge strondes,
To ferne halwes, kowthe in sondry londes;
And specially from every shires ende L.15
Priketh – stirs, arouses
• To seken – to seek
Hem – them
• Straunge strondes –
foreign places
Hir – their
• Ferne halwes – distant
Corages – hearts
holy places
Thanne – then
• Kowthe – known
Longen – desire
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sondry
londes
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various
To goon – to go
lands
Pilgrimages – journey to
the holy place
Of engelond to caunterbury they wende, L.16
The hooly blisful martir for to seke,
That hem hath holpen whan that they were seeke.
Bifil that in that seson on a day,
In southwerk at the tabard as I lay L.20
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Wende – go
Hooly – holy
Blisful – blessed by God
Martir – martyr
Holpen – helped
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Bifil – happened
Southwerk - southwark
Tabard – Inn
Lay - Live
Redy to wenden on my pilgrymage L. 21
To caunterbury with ful devout corage,
At nyght was come into that hostelrye
Wel nyne and twenty in a compaignye,
Of sondry folk, by aventure yfalle L.25
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Redy – ready
Wenden – go
Nyght – night
Hostelrye – inn
• Nyne – nine
• Compaignye – company
• Sondry – different
classes
• Aventure - chance
In felaweshipe, and pilgrimes were they alle, L.26
That toward caunterbury wolden ryde.
The chambres and the stables weren wyde,
And wel we weren esed atte beste.
And shortly, whan the sonne was to reste, L.30
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fellowship
• Alle – all
• wolden ryde – would
ride
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Chambres – rooms
Wyde - wide
Esed – given comforts
Atte beste – at best
So hadde I spoken with hem everichon L.31
That I was of hir felaweshipe anon,
And made forward erly for to ryse,
To take oure wey ther as I yow devyse. L.34
• Everichon – each one
• Forward – agreed
• Devyse - mention
LINES 1-34
• Introduction
• Description of Spring
• Source of excitement
But nathelees, whil I have tyme and space, L.35
Er that I ferther in this tale pace,
Me thynketh it acordaunt to resoun
To telle yow al the condicioun L.38
• Nathelees – none the less
• acordaunt to resoun - reasonable
Of ech of hem, so as it semed me, L. 39
And whiche they weren, and of what degree,
And eek in what array that they were inne;
And at a knyght than wol I first bigynne. L.42
• Whiche – what type of men
• Array- dress
• Wol – will
A knyght ther was, and that a worthy man, L.43
That fro the tyme that he first bigan
To riden out, he loved chivalrie,
Trouthe and honour, fredom and curteisie.
Ful worthy was he in his lordes werre,
And therto hadde he riden, no man ferre, L.48
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Fro – from
Tyme – time
To riden out – to go out
Chivalrie – glory in the
deeds of bravery and
adventure
• Trouthe – truth
• Curteisie – refinement
• Worthy – worthy in his
brave exploits
• lordes were – wars
fought by his lords
• Therto – over and
above doing service to
his feudal lord
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As wel in cristendom as in hethenesse, L.49
And evere honoured for his worthynesse
At alisaundre he was whan it was wonne.
Ful ofte tyme he hadde the bord bigonne
Aboven alle nacions in pruce;
In lettow hadde he reysed and in ruce,
No cristen man so ofte of his degree. L.55
Cristendom – land of
• Ful ofte tyme – at many
Christians
occasions
Hethenesse – land of
• Hadde the bord
heathens
bigonne - headed the
board
Worthynesse - His glory
as a soldier
• Pruce - Prussia
Alisaundre – Alexandria • Ruce - Russia
Cristen – Christian
• Lettow - Lithuania
In gernade at the seege eek hadde he be L.56
Of algezir, and riden in belmarye.
At lyeys was he and at satalye,
59: Whan they were wonne; and in the grete see
60: At many a noble armee hadde he be. L.60
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Gernade – Granada
Seege – attack
Belmarye – Benmarian
Lyeys - Layas
Satalye – Attalia
• Satalye – Attalia
• Grete see - Great sea
• Armee - army
At mortal batailles hadde he been fiftene, L.61
62: And foughten for oure feith at tramyssene
63: In lystes thries, and ay slayn his foo.
This ilke worthy knyght hadde been also
Somtyme with the lord of palatye
Agayn another hethen in turkye. L.66
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Feith – faith (christian)
Lystes – enclosed place
Thries – thrice
Ay – ever
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Ilke – same
Somtyme – sometime
Palatye – Anatolia
Agayn – against
And everemoore he hadde a sovereyn prys; L.67
And though that he were worthy, he was wys,
And of his port as meeke as is a mayde.
He nevere yet no vileynye ne sayde
In al his lyf unto no maner wight. L.71
• Port – demeanour
• Vileynye – not
appropriate speech
• maner wight – kind of
person
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He was a verray, parfit gentil knyght. L.72
But, for to tellen yow of his array,
His hors were goode, but he was nat gay.
Of fustian he wered a gypon
Al bismotered with his habergeon,
For he was late ycome from his viage,
And wente for to doon his pilgrymage. L.78
verray – very
• Bismotered – soiled
Parfit – perfect,noble • Habergeon – an iron
coat for males
Fustian – rough cloth
• Viage – voyage
Wered - wore
• Wente - went
Gypon – a short
waist-coat
• Doon - do
LINES 35-78
• Host’s Declaration of Describing the Pilgrims
• THE KNIGHT’S DESCRIPTION
o As a character
o His achievements
o His dressing
o His armaments
With hym ther was his sone, a yong squier, L.79
A lovyere and a lusty bacheler,
With lokkes crulle as they were leyd in presse.
Of twenty yeer of age he was, I gesse.
Of his stature he was of evene lengthe,
And wonderly delyvere, and of greet strengthe. L.84
• crulle – curly
• Sone – son
• Leyd – laid
• Yong – young
• Presse – pressed
• Squier - squire
• Gesse – guess
• Lovyere – lover
• Stature – structure
• bacheler – trainee
• Evene – average
• Lokkes – locks
• Delyvere – active
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And he hadde been somtyme in chyvachie L.85
In flaundres, in artoys, and pycardie,
And born hym weel, as of so litel space,
In hope to stonden in his lady grace. Embrouded was
he, as it were a meede
Al ful of fresshe floures, whyte and reede. L.90
• Chyvachie – journey
• Embrouded –
Embroidered
• Flaundres – Flanders
• Meede - meadow
• Artoys and Pycardie –
northern provinces of
• Fresshe – fresh
France
• Floures – flowers
• Born – carried
• Whyte – white
• Weel – well
• Reede - red
• Stonden – stand
Syngynge he was, or floytynge, al the day; L.91
He was as fressh as is the month of may.
Short was his gowne, with sleves longe and wyde.
Wel koude he sitte on hors and faire ryde.
He koude songes make and wel endite, L.95
Juste and eek daunce, and weel purtreye and write.
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Floytynge – fluting
Endite – write
Juste – take part in a dispute
Purtreye – draw
So hoote he lovede that by nyghtertale. L.97
He sleep namoore than dooth a nyghtyngale.
Curteis he was, lowely, and servysable,
And carf biforn his fader at the table. L.100
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Nyghtertale – night time
Dooth – does
Nyghtyngale – nightingale
Lowely – humble
Carf – carving
LINES 79- 100
• THE SQUIRE’S DESCRIPTION
o As a character
o His achievements
o His dressing
o His armaments
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A yeman hadde he and servantz namo L.101
At that tyme, for hym liste ride so,
And he was clad in cote and hood of grene.
A sheef of pecok arwes, bright and kene,
Under his belt he bar ful thriftily,
(wel koude he dresse his takel yemanly:
His arwes drouped noght with fetheres lowe)
And in his hand he baar a myghty bowe. L.108
Yeman – yeoman
• Kene – sharp
servantz namo – no
• Bar – carried
other servants
• Thriftily – carefully
Cote- coat
• Myghty – huge, strong
hood of grene – a green
hood
Sheef - bundle
A not heed hadde he, with a broun visage. L.109
Of wodecraft wel koude he al the usage.
Upon his arm he baar a gay bracer,
And by his syde a swerd and a bokeler, L.112
• Not heed – head with
closely handled hair
• Broun – brown
• Visage – features
• Wodecraft – woodwork
• Koude – could, knew
• Usage – do, practice
• Baar – bore
• Gay – bright
• Bracer – a protector for
arms
• Syde – side
• Swerd – sword
• Bokeler – small shield
And on that oother syde a gay daggere L. 113
Harneised wel and sharp as point of spere;
A cristopher on his brest of silver sheene.
An horn he bar, the bawdryk was of grene;
A forster was he, soothly, as I gesse.L.117
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Daggere – dagger
Harneised – decorated
Spere – spear
Cristopher – An image
of St. Christopher
• Brest – breast
• Sheene – shown
brightly
• Bawdryk – belt
• Forster – forester
• Soothly – truly
• Gesse - guess
LINES 101 - 117
• THE YEOMAN’S DESCRIPTION
o As a character
o His dressing
o His armaments
Ther was also a nonne, a prioresse, L.118
That of hir smylyng was ful symple and coy;
Hire gretteste ooth was but by seinte loy;
And she was cleped madame eglentyne. L.121
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Nonne - nun
Smylyng – smiling
Symple – simple
Coy – Quiet
Gretteste – great
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Ooth - oath
seinte loy – Saint Loy
Cleped – called
Eglentyne - Eglantine
Ful weel she soong the service dyvyne, L.122
Entuned in hir nose ful semely,
And frenssh she spak ful faire and fetisly,
After the scole of stratford atte bowe,
For frenssh of parys was to hire unknowe. L.126
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Entuned – Intoned
faire and fetisly – well and prettily
Scole – school
Unknowe - unknown
At mete wel ytaught was she with alle: L.127
She leet no morsel from hir lippes falle,
Ne wette hir fyngres in hir sauce depe;
Wel koude she carie a morsel and wel kepe
That no drope ne fille upon hire brest. L.131
• Mete – food
• Wette – to wet
• Depe – deeply
In curteisie was set ful muchel hir lest.L.132
Hir over-lippe wyped she so clene
That in hir coppe ther was no ferthyng sene
Of grece, whan she dronken hadde hir draughte.
Ful semely after hir mete she raughte. L.136
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Curteisie – courtesy
Muchel – much
hir lest – her pleasure
over-lippe – upper lip
Wyped – wiped
Clene - clean
Coppe - cup
• Ferthyng – farthing,
slightest
• Grese - grease
• dronken hadde –had
drunk
• Draughte – drink
• Semely – nicely
• Raughte – took her food
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And sikerly she was of greet desport, L.137
And ful plesaunt, and amyable of port,
And peyned hire to countrefete cheere
Of court, and to been estatlich of manere,
And to ben holden digne of reverence. L.141
Sikerly – certainly
• Cheere – manners
Greet desport – full of
• estatlich of manere –
fun
stately manners
Amyable – cultured &
• to ben holden – to get
dignified
respect
Port – manners
• Digne – dignity
peyned hire – pained
• Reverence - respect
her
Countrefete - imitate
But, for to speken of hire conscience, L.142
She was so charitable and so pitous
She wolde wepe, if that she saugh a mous
Kaught in a trappe, if it were deed or bledde.
Of smale houndes hadde she that she fedde
With rosted flessh, or milk and wastel-breed.L. 147
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Pitous – full of pity
Mous – mouse
Kaught – caught
Trappe – trap
Deed – dead
Bleede - bleed
• Smale - small
• Fedde – feed
• Rosted flessh – roasted
flesh
• wastel-breed – cake
made of fine flour
But soore wepte she if oon of hem were deed, L.148
Or if men smoot it with a yerde smerte;
And al was conscience and tendre herte.
Ful semyly hir wympul pynched was,
Hir nose tretys, hir eyen greye as glas,
Hir mouth ful smal, and therto softe and reed; L.153
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Soore – sure
Oon – one
Smoot –beat
Yerde - yard
smerte – smartly
Ful semyly – in fine
manner
• hir wympul – her head
dress
• Pynched – formed
• Tretys – long and well
shaped
• Eyen – eyes
• softe and reed – soft
and red
But sikerly she hadde a fair forheed; L. 154
It was almoost a spanne brood, I trowe;
For, hardily, she was nat undergrowe.
Ful fetys was hir cloke, as I was war. L.157
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Sikerly – certainly, surely
fair forheed – broad forehead
Hardily - hardly
Undergrowe – undergrown
Of smal coral aboute hire arm she bar L.158
A peire of bedes, gauded al with grene,
And theron heng a brooch of gold ful sheene,
On which ther was first write a crowned a,
And after amor vincit omnia. L.162
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A peire of bedes – a pair of beeds
Gauded – larger one
Heng – to hang
Amor – divine love
amor vincit omnia – love conquers all
Another nonne with hire hadde she, L.163
That was hir chapeleyne, and preestes thre. L.164
• Nonne - nun
• Chapeleyne – chapelain, private secretary
• Thre - three
LINES 118-164
• THE PRIORESS’ DESCRIPTION
o As a character
o Her name
o Her manners
o Her nature
o Her chaplain
o Three priests
RECAP OF LECTURE 3
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Introduction
The Knight’s Description
The Squire’s Description
The Yeoman’s Description
The Prioress’ description
REFERENCES
• http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/literature/c
anterbury-tales/study-help/full-glossary-for.html
• www.sparknotes.com › No Fear Literature › The
Canterbury TalesCached – Similar
• TEXT Prologue to the Canterbury Tales