Transcript Book2--Unit 5

1
1
Text Study
Notes to the Text
Words and Expressions
Idea Sharing
Writing
2
5
Understanding
Structure Analysis
Summary
Reproduction
2
5
Text Study—Understanding
I. Understanding
The text tells a mother’s anxiousness
about her smoking daughter and her
view on smoking. Now find the topic of
each part and answer the questions
with the help of the key words given.
Text Study—Understanding
5
2
Para.
Topic
1
I feel terrible seeing my daughter smoking.
2~5
My father’s story.
6
The cases in the Third World countries.
7~8
The author’s feeling as a mother and her
view on smoking .
2
5
Text Study—Understanding
1. Camels, Marlboro and Player , what are
those according to the text? (Para. 1)
Tips
cigarette brands
2
Text Study—Understanding
5
2. What effect did the Hollywood movies have
on her father? (Para. 3)
Tips
hooked by, heroes, fashionable
3. How did smoking hurt her father’s health?
(Para. 4~5)
Tips
breathe difficultly; rest; climbing stairs;
cough; died from pneumonia
2
5
Text Study—Understanding
4. In the Third World countries, how is money
spent? What results from that? (Para. 6)
Tips
goes instead to …;
starve themselves for;
weakening and hooking;
killing themselves
2
5
Text Study—Understanding
5. Why does the author feel a deep hurt as a
mother? (Para. 7)
Tips
take care of; pregnancy; in vain
6. How does the author view smoking?
(Para. 8)
Tips
self-battering; others; sit by
2
5
Text Study—Structure Analysis
II. Structure Analysis
A. The way to develop the Passage:
Effect + Cause + Conclusion
• What is the effect ?
• What are the causes?
• What is the conclusion?
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5
Text Study—Structure Analysis
The Effect
I feel terrible about my daughter’s smoking.
(Para. 1)
The Causes
1. My father died from smoking. (Para. 2~5)
2. I see many people like my father and daughter
in the Third World countries, weakening and
killing themselves by smoking. (Para. 6)
The Conclusion
I am strongly against smoking.
(Para. 7~8)
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5
Text Study—Structure Analysis
B. The way to develop paragraphs:
A cause and effect pattern
The writer describes the harmful effects of smoking
in a cause and effect pattern, which makes clear the
reasons why something happens by showing the
relationship between a cause and its effect.
2
5
Text Study—Structure Analysis
The cause and effect in Paragraph 4 :
The cause: My father would often smoke, lighting his first
cigarette upon getting out of bed.
The effect: When I was sixteen, my father’s breath was a
wheeze, embarrassing to hear; he could not climb stairs
without resting every third or fourth step. It was not unusual for
him to cough for an hour.
2
5
Text Study—Structure Analysis
The cause and effect in Paragraph 6 :
The cause: Large advertisement signs, showing both the tough,
confident, or fashionable older man and the beautiful, “worldly”
young woman, are directed at people like my father and
daughter who are attracted to smoking.
The effect: As a result, many people smoke. And the money
that should be spent for food goes instead to the tobacco
companies. People then starve themselves of both food and air,
effectively weakening and hooking their children, and
eventually killing themselves.
2
Text Study—Summary
5
III. Summary
I feel terrible seeing my daughter smoking. My
father was hooked by cigarettes and died from
pneumonia. In the Third World, I see many
people like my father and daughter. They are
attracted by huge advertisements showing
beautiful worldly girls and confident men
dragging away. Money intended for food is
spent on tobacco. Over time, people
starve for food and air, weaken and hook their
eventuallykill themselves.
children and
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5
Text Study—Summary
I read in the newspapers and magazines that
cigarette ends are so poisonous that if swallowed
by a baby, it is likely to die; and that water from a
bunch of boiled ends is an effective insecticide.
I feel a deep hurt, a feeling of uselessness as I
remember how carefully and patiently
I took
care of my daughter when she was little.
I view smoking as self-battering which also
batters those who helplessly watch . I think, to
lose one family member to the prosperous
tobacco companies is enough.
2
Text Study—Reproduction
5
IV. Reproduction
Pair work: a mini-play show.
One student acts as a worried mother and
the other as a smoking daughter. You are
supposed to argue over the smoking problem.
A sample beginning
2
Text Study—Reproduction
5
A sample beginning
A conversation between a worried mother(M)
and a smoking daughter(D):
M: Dear, I found Camels on your desk again.
I need to talk to you.
D: Just take it easy, Mum. You see the
heroes and beautiful women in movies?
They looked so fashionable and cool
when blowing smoke rings.
2
5
Text Study—Reproduction
M: That’s only ads to hook young people like you!
They look handsome just because they are
handsome. You know, you’re more charming
without cigarette between your lips!
D: You really think so? But even I know smoking
is harmful, I just cannot quit it now.
M: If you know how harmful it really is, maybe
you’ll try to quit. I read in the newspaper that
the ends of cigarettes are so poisonous that if
a baby swallows one, it is likely to die.
…
Active Expressions
Focus Study
2
Notes to the Text—Active Expressions
5
I. Active Expressions
In English, you may find some expressions
formed by very common words, but they
are active and powerful.
e.g.
• What’s on at the cinema tonight?
今晚电影院上演什么？
• What’s he up to?
他忙什么呢?
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5
Notes to the Text—Active Expressions
Find out the active expressions:
1. …tossed closely at hand.
2. … coupled with Hollywood movies …
3. … upon getting out of bed.
4. … he was always leaning on something.
5. … money that should be spent on food goes
instead to the tobacco companies; …
6. …the boiled water from a bunch of them makes
an effective insecticide.
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5
Notes to the Text—Active Expressions
at hand
near; within reach
couple with
upon (+ v-ing)
join one thing to another;
link / associate sth. with sth. else
immediately after the occasion of sth.
be + always + v-ing
again and again (in an annoying way)
go to
be given or paid to
sth. + make + sth.
serve or function as (another thing)
2
Notes to the Text—Active Expressions
5
Translation
1. 期末考试近在眼前。
2. 那位作家的写作风格质朴中不失幽默。
3. 我一回来就见到了他们。
4. 我爷爷总是爱忘事儿。
5. 音乐会募捐到的钱将捐赠给那些有困难的人。
6. 这个大厅能成为绝好的剧院。
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5
Notes to the Text—Active Expressions
1. The end-of-term/final examination is (close) at
hand.
2. The writer wrote with plain words coupled with
humor.
3. I saw them upon/on my return.
4. My grandfather is always forgetting things.
5. Money raised from the concert will go to people
in need.
6. This hall would make an excellent theatre.
More Practice
2
5
Notes to the Text—Active Expressions
More Practice
1. 他写作时，手边总放着一本词典。
2. 莫扎特的名字永远与这座城市联系在一起。
3. 当被介绍给别人时，英国人通常行握手礼。
4. 你为什么总在咬指甲？
5. 我们了解了老人的经历之后，对他深感同情。
6. 凉茶在夏季是理想的饮料。
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Notes to the Text—Active Expressions
1. When he writes, he always keeps a dictionary at hand.
2. The name of Mozart is forever coupled with the city.
3. Upon/On being introduced to someone, a British person
often shakes hands.
4. Why are you always biting your nails?
5. All our sympathy went to the old man after we knew his
experience.
6. Cold tea makes a good drinking in summer.
2
Notes to the Text—Focus Study
5
II. Focus Study
1. I pick them up, take them into the kitchen,
where the light is better, and study them—
they’re filtered, for which I am grateful.
which: refers back to the idea expressed
by the whole previous clause
e.g.
• He went through a red light, for which he was
fined $50.
More Practice
2
5
Notes to the Text—Focus Study
Complete the following sentences
for which he was
• The boy broke the window, _______________
criticized
by his father (他为此受到了父亲的批评).
__________________
due to which we can only
• It was raining hard, ______________________
____________
stay indoors (因此我们只好待在室内).
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5
Notes to the Text—Focus Study
2. … holding one of the instruments, so white,
so precisely rolled, that could cause my
daughter’s death.
so … that = in such a way that; to such an
amount as to produce a particular result
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5
Notes to the Text—Focus Study
e.g.
• He came into the classroom so quietly (that)
no one noticed him.
cf.
so that + can (or may, will, etc.) = in order
that …; with the aim that …
Practice
2
5
Notes to the Text—Focus Study
Put the following sentences into English with
so … that … or so that …
• 好好用功，以便通过考试。
• 那个学生的书多得让他有些无所适从。
• 他穿得暖暖的，这样就不会在冰天雪地里受冻了。
• 我父亲如此健忘以至整日都在不停地找钥匙。
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5
Notes to the Text—Focus Study
(For reference)
• Work hard so that you will pass the exam.
• The student has so many books that he does not
know what to do with them.
• He wore warm clothes so that he wouldn’t be
cold in the winter snow.
• My father is so forgetful that he is always looking
for his keys.
2
Notes to the Text—Focus Study
5
3. … it was Camels that my father, her grandfather,
smoked.
it is (was) ... that … : This structure
is used for emphasis.
e.g.
• It was her grandfather who (that) died from
smoking.
2
Notes to the Text—Focus Study
5
Notes
1. it is (was) +
verb
2. it is (was) … +
+ that …
that …
who …
when …
where …
which …
Practice
2
5
Notes to the Text—Focus Study
Translation
• 我在上个月买了一部摄象机。
• 我是在伦敦第一次遇见她的。
• It was last month that I bought a video camera.
• It was in London that I met her for the first time.
Old to New
Chinese to English
Word Using
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5
Words and Expressions—Old to New
I. Old to New
cry
examine carefully
thankful
mainly
slight, not fat
smoke; pull
•
•
•
•
•
•
weep
study
grateful
largely
slim
drag
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5
Words and Expressions—Old to New
near, close by
• close at hand
wear
• be dressed in
link/associate with
rest on (for support)
make great efforts to do sth
• couple with
• lean on
• struggle to do
2
Words and Expressions—C to E
5
II. Chinese to English
几何（学）
• geometry
平面几何
• plane geometry
立体几何
• solid geometry
解析几何
• analytical geometry
一包香烟
• a package of cigarettes
一包豌豆
• a package of peas
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5
Words and Expressions—C to E
过滤嘴香烟
• filtered cigarettes
滤过的咖啡
• filtered coffee
好莱坞电影
• Hollywood movies
城区,市中心区
• inner cities
一则新产品广告
• an advertisement of a
new product
2
Words and Expressions—Word Using
5
III. Word Using
1. brand n.
the name of a product that is made by a
particular company
e.g.
‘Nescafé’ is a well-known brand of coffee.
Use it
What is your favorite brand of
shampoo?
2
Words and Expressions—Word Using
5
2. manufacturer
① n. a person or firm that produces goods
Collocation
a car
a computer
an electronics
manufacturer
2
Words and Expressions—Word Using
5
2. manufacture
② v. make sth in large quantities using machines
e.g.
manufacturing industries 制造业
Translation
海尔是一家生产高品质家电产品的企业。
Key
Haier is an enterprise that manufactures
high-quality household appliances.
2
Words and Expressions—Word Using
5
3. dress vt.
be dressed in sth = wearing sth 穿上某物
Translation
参加丧礼的人都穿上了黑色衣服。
Key
The people at the funeral were all dressed
in black.
2
Words and Expressions—Word Using
5
3. dress vt.
dress up = to put on smart or unusual clothes,
usually for special occasion
Translation
你用不着穿正式服装去参加这次宴会。
Key
You don’t need to dress up for the party.
2
Words and Expressions—Word Using
5
4. slim
① adj. thin; not fat; slender
e.g.
a slim-waist girl
一个细腰女郎
Translation
她有着可爱的苗条身材。
Key
She has got a lovely slim figure.
2
Words and Expressions—Word Using
5
4. slim
③ vi. to become or try to become thinner by
eating less, taking exercises,etc.
e.g.
slimming exercises
减肥运动；健美运动
Use It （Q & A)
Hi, Piggy? Another
piece of cake?
No thanks. I’m
__________.
slimming
2
Words and Expressions—Word Using
5
5. worldly adj.
① having a lot of experience and knowledge
of life and people
e.g.
a sophisticated and worldly man 老练世故的人
Translation
After ten years in London, my sister is much
more worldly than she used to be.
Key
在伦敦生活了10年，我妹妹比以前老练多了。
2
Words and Expressions—Word Using
5
5. worldly
② connected with ordinary life
Translation
他将他在尘世上的所有东西都留给了侄儿。
Key
He left all his worldly possessions to his
nephew.
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5
Words and Expressions—Word Using
6. starve
① vt. not give or not be given sth. that is
needed 使缺乏；使得不到
Translation
• People in this region are starved of drinking
water.
• The plant was starved of light and died.
Key
• 这个地区的人们极需饮用水。
• 这棵植物因缺乏光照而死掉了。
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5
Words and Expressions—Word Using
6. starve
② v. suffer or die because there is not enough
food, or make sb. else do this（使）挨
饿；（使）饿死
Translation
• That winter many animals starved to death.
• I must eat more—I’m starving!
Key
• 那年冬天很多动物饿死。
• 我得多吃点儿，我快饿死了！
2
Words and Expressions—Word Using
5
7. weaken v.
make or become weak or weaker
Translation
• 生产力的下降削弱了这个国家的经济。
• 随着病情的发展，她的身体逐渐变弱。
Key
• The fall in productivity has weakened the
country’s economy.
• She slowly weakened as the disease
progressed.
2
Words and Expressions—Word Using
5
8. swallow vt.
① cause or allow to go down the throat
Translation
食物不经过适当的咀嚼是很难下咽的。
Key
If you don’t chew your food properly, it’s
difficult to swallow.
2
Words and Expressions—Word Using
5
8. swallow vt.
② believe sth too easily
Translation
He swallowed her story whole.
Key
他对她的故事深信不疑。
2
Words and Expressions—Word Using
5
9. bunch n.
a number of things tied or grouped together
Collocation
a bunch of
flowers
grapes
newspapers
keys on a ring
一束花
一串葡萄
一捆报纸
圈上的一串钥匙
grass growing in bunches 丛生的草
2
Words and Expressions—Word Using
5
10. zone n.
an area with a particular quality or use
Collocation
a war zone
战区
a no smoking/
smokeless zone
禁烟区
an earthquake zone
地震带
an economic
development zone
经济开发区
Group Discussion
2
5
Idea Sharing
Watch the movie clips and discuss the questions
in groups.
1. What may be the reasons for young
people to smoke?
2. What harm will smoking do to people? Is
smoking totally harmful to humans? Or, is
it beneficial in some way?
2
Idea Sharing
5
Smoking Girl
2
5
Idea Sharing
3. How can you refuse to be a secondhand
smoker?
2
Idea Sharing
5
Secondhand Smoker
Structure Writing
Practical Writing
2
5
Writing—Structure Writing
I. Structure Writing
The Cause and Effect Pattern
Cause and effect pattern is concerned
with why things happen (causes) and what
happens as a result (effects). Cause and
effect is a common method of organizing
and discussing ideas.
2
5
Writing—Structure Writing
Cause/effect paragraphs generally follow basic
paragraph format. That is, they begin with a
topic sentence which is followed by specific
supporting details. For example, if the topic
sentence introduces an effect, the supporting
sentences all describe causes.
Sample
2
5
Writing—Structure Writing
Effect
Sample
In recent decades, cities have grown so large that now
about 50% of the Earth's population lives in urban areas.
There are several reasons for this. (Cause) First, the increasing
industrialization of the 19th century resulted in the creation of
many factory jobs. These jobs, with their promise of a better
material life, attracted many people from rural areas. (Cause)
Second, as the cities grew, people established places of
leisure, entertainment, and culture, such as sports stadiums,
theaters, and museums. For many people, these facilities made
city life appear more interesting than life on the farm, and
therefore drew them away from rural communities.
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5
Writing—Structure Writing
一些因果段落中包含一
Some situations are 系列因果关系而形成连
more complicated. One 锁式因果关系，即：某
e f f e c t m a y b e t h e 种原因引起了某种结果，
cause of another effect. 而这个结果又是另一个
Thus, a paragraph will 结果的起因，以此发展。
show a chain reaction 连锁式因果关系的发展
in a cause and effect 部分要支持主题句与发
pattern.
展句之间包含的总的因
果关系。
Sample
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5
Sample
Writing—Structure Writing
主题句，说明总的因果关系。
The change of price will lead to the change of demand. As
the price of everything from toothpaste to tuition increases,
workers demand higher wages to keep up with rising costs.
This can produce further increases in prices or a
decreased demand for manufactured goods, or both. Since
production tries to keep pace with demand, decreased
demand is followed by decreased production. This in turn,
can lead to layoffs and unemployment, which
further decreases the demand for goods.
2
Writing—Structure Writing
5
Transitional words and phrases
For Causes
• because
• because of
• due to
• on cause is, another is
• since
• for
• first, second
For Effects
• consequently
• as a result
• for this reason
• thus
• resulted in
• one result is, another is
• therefore
2
5
Writing—Structure Writing
Writing Task
Write a paragraph following the cause-andeffect pattern.
Topics:
1. Many problems for mixed marriages
2. Why is my father in excellent health?
For your reference
2
5
Writing—Structure Writing
(Reference for Topic 1)
There are many problems for mixed marriages.
To start with, many people harbor strong
reservations toward mixed marriages. They often
feel shocked and have prejudices and doubts
about these marriages. Besides, even children
are cruel to children from mixed marriages.
Mixed marriages face so many trials that mixed
couples have higher divorce rates than couples
of the same race.
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5
Writing—Structure Writing
(Reference for Topic 2)
There are several possible reasons why my
father is in excellent health, even though he is
over eighty years of age. For one thing, he is in
excellent condition because he has stopped
smoking cigarettes. He quit smoking cigarettes
since whenever he climbed stairs he would
stop several times and cough loudly.
to be continued
2
5
Writing—Structure Writing
(to be continued)
His good health is also due to his cutting down on
the wrong kinds of foods. For example, whereas
before he would eat fatty red meat and deep-fried
dishes several times a week, nowadays he seldom
does so. He has more energy as a result. He is also
in good physical shape as a consequence of his
devotion to exercise. He swims three times a week
at the local gym, and on sunny days he prefers to
walk home rather than take the bus. So, my father
is in better shape than some of his children are!
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Writing—Practical Writing
II. Practical Writing
Health Background Form
In the USA, students are normally required to file
a Health Background Report (in form or
statement) with the university when they are
enrolled. It is used solely as an aid to provide
health care while they are at the university. The
report usually includes three major parts: Medical
History, Immunization History and Physical
Examination. The following is a sample of Part 1.
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5
Writing—Practical Writing
PART 1: MEDICAL HISTORY
Self History: (check Medication(s) taken
all that apply)
now or in the past
for this issue?
(name/dose)
□ Alcohol/Drug
□ Yes______
Problem
□ Anxiety
□ Yes______
□ Cancer
□ Yes______
□ Depression
□ Yes______
Family History of this
issue? (specify:
Uncle,Mother,etc.)
□ Yes______
□ Yes______
□ Yes______
□ Yes______
to be continued
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5
Self History: (check
all that apply)
□ Diabetes
□ Eating Disorder
□ Heart Problem
□ Smoker/tobacco
use
□ Other
Writing—Practical Writing
Medication(s) taken
now or in the past for
this issue?
(name/dose)
□ Yes______
□ Yes______
□ Yes______
□ Yes______
□ Yes______
□ Yes______
Family History of
this issue? (specify:
Uncle,Mother,etc.)
□
□
□
□
□
□
Yes______
Yes______
Yes______
Yes______
Yes______
Yes______
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To Section B
The End of Section A